Mol Cell:解答CRISPR基因编辑疑惑:为何有时无效?

2018-07-12 小通 生物通

生物化学家发现了CRISPR系统基因组编辑失败的原因,这一研究揭示了Cas9最常用的靶标。

生物化学家发现了CRISPR系统基因组编辑失败的原因,这一研究揭示了Cas9最常用的靶标。

伊利诺伊大学芝加哥分校的研究人员第一次指出了为什么CRISPR基因编辑有时无法生效,以及如何能帮助这一过程更为有效。

CRISPR是一种大热的基因编辑工具,它能帮助科学家们从DNA中切除不需要的基因或遗传物质,有时还可以添加上所需的序列。CRISPR使用的是一种名为Cas9的酶,它像剪刀一样切除不需要的DNA。一旦在要去除的DNA的任一侧上进行切割,细胞或者开始修复,将DNA链的两端粘合在一起,或者死亡。

在最新这项研究中,研究人员发现,当利用CRISPR进行基因编辑时,存在15%的失败率,这通常是由于Cas9蛋白与切割位点的DNA持续结合,阻止了DNA修复酶进入切口。

这是第一次发现为何CRISPR基因编辑会失败,文章作者之一,生物化学和分子遗传学副教授Bradley Merrill表示。

“我们发现,Cas9在‘dud'位置上会持续与DNA链结合,阻止了细胞启动修复过程,”Merrill说。卡住的Cas9也无法继续进行额外的DNA切割,从而限制了CRISPR的效率。

同时,研究人员也发现Cas9在存在RNA聚合酶的基因组位置上无法发挥作用,进一步研究表明,引导Cas9仅仅在DNA双螺旋的一条链上退火,能促进Cas9与RNA聚合酶之间的相互作用,有助于将“dud”Cas9转化为有效的基因组编辑位置。

具体而言,研究人员发现在基因组编辑过程中,Cas9的链选择性迫使RNA聚合酶与Cas9碰撞,使得Cas9被DNA推开。

“我感到惊讶的是,选择这一条DNA链而不是另一条DNA链,对基因组编辑产生如此强大的影响,”文章的第一作者Clarke说,“揭示这种现象背后的机制有助于我们更好地理解Cas9与基因组的相互作用如何导致某些编辑失败的原因,并且在设计基因组编辑实验时,我们可以将其应用上。”

“这一新观点对于基因组编辑,以及未来基因组编辑在临床上的应用都非常重要,”Merrill说。

同时这一发现对于了解基因组编辑的“限速步骤”——Cas9和DNA链之间的相互作用也十分重要。这意味着它是该过程中最慢的部分。因此,控制此阶段的变化最有可能影响基因组编辑的总体持续时间。

“如果我们能够减少Cas9与DNA链相互作用的时间(即Cas9与RNA聚合酶的相互作用),就可以减少酶量,降低接触,从而减少不良反应或副作用,这对于可能患者的未来疗法至关重要。”

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    2019-04-05 维他命
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  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1744375, encodeId=b9351e4437566, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=42a7523823' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CRISPR基因编辑#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5238, encryptionId=42a7523823, topicName=CRISPR基因编辑)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=2e1c35375117, createdName=guguangxiang, createdTime=Sat May 04 18:03:00 CST 2019, time=2019-05-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1961010, encodeId=3e7d1961010c2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3ff68, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Fri Apr 05 21:03:00 CST 2019, time=2019-04-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1870741, encodeId=327218e0741c2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Sat Aug 04 00:03:00 CST 2018, time=2018-08-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1276084, encodeId=bba812e6084c2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=755d5211a0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CRISPR#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5211, encryptionId=755d5211a0, topicName=CRISPR)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=583c133, createdName=yuandd, createdTime=Sat Jul 14 14:03:00 CST 2018, time=2018-07-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=331227, encodeId=3d8633122efa, content=谢谢分享学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM4o2XVpJ6449yqDsjibydI5HnJ8MibGxNn4HZiaZib0bdfibbwoz3KQrIyN9AGxq36ZlZRNicYlPfOOWMtwgsajY6mGNFiaPclFdowjD0/0, createdBy=97bd1338592, createdName=清风拂面, createdTime=Fri Jul 13 06:45:25 CST 2018, time=2018-07-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=331211, encodeId=c41f331211d5, content=学习谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4Nd44v3xHnnictn9UpctwtH62EPQ59TMdI9lnqHMgQ16nH7GmGCfpzicsHgjibYVk6vwSpXrC86gMibRkoaIzf5HwSz7/0, createdBy=78cc1691107, createdName=龙胆草, createdTime=Fri Jul 13 06:28:43 CST 2018, time=2018-07-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=331159, encodeId=fd7033115955, content=学习了.谢谢分享., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/xkvRjYnJzzRJ2R0y7VhicibvkjPWHjIMmu4ZpKnE9cWAu4lVicS3uDUCfF4M4JWvrkrYfpb2KehPV0Ee29tPqyPEebBUibiaKhnvD/0, createdBy=f8412001184, createdName=惠映实验室, createdTime=Thu Jul 12 23:11:11 CST 2018, time=2018-07-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=331158, encodeId=1ccf3311580b, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/xkvRjYnJzzRJ2R0y7VhicibvkjPWHjIMmu4ZpKnE9cWAu4lVicS3uDUCfF4M4JWvrkrYfpb2KehPV0Ee29tPqyPEebBUibiaKhnvD/0, createdBy=f8412001184, createdName=惠映实验室, createdTime=Thu Jul 12 23:10:45 CST 2018, time=2018-07-12, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-07-14 yuandd
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    2018-07-13 清风拂面

    谢谢分享学习

    0

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    2018-07-13 龙胆草

    学习谢谢分享

    0

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    2018-07-12 惠映实验室

    学习了.谢谢分享.

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    2018-07-12 惠映实验室

    学习

    0

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