一本目录和一段等待:肿瘤创新药医保报销困局

2018-03-05 梁嘉琳 健康点healthpoint

由于诸多抗肿瘤创新药无法进入基本医疗保险目录,对于诸多肿瘤患者而言,基本医疗保险只能成为看得见却摸不着的期盼。高比例自付甚至完全自费,给患者持续用药树起一道难以逾越的门槛。

在一次次咨询省级和全国医保报销热线之后,丁红(化名)又攥着父亲抗癌药账单,站在了县医保中心的门口。面对父亲随时可能出现的耐药或癌细胞转移,不能按原计划将父亲抗癌药费用进行报销,可能成为压垮这个北方农村家庭的最后一根稻草。

2017年7月,丁红在家务农的父亲确诊肺腺癌淋巴、胸膜转移,辗转至北京的三甲医院确定了治疗方案。用上抗癌药物,父亲的病情很快得到了控制,可欣喜之余,丁红也深深陷入了财务危机——每月逾7000元的抗癌药物账单完全超出了丁红的支付能力,尽早完成医保报销,成了丁红当下最急迫的目标。

然而,让丁红进退两难的是,父亲使用的抗癌药并未出现在县医保中心的报销目录里。省级、国家级医保部门绕了一圈后,难题又被退回县医保中心,使得报销迟迟不能推进。而更让她疑惑的是,其实早在2017年7月国家人社部公布的新版医保目录中,父亲所服用的药物,明明就在其中。

丁红这样困惑重重的患者家属并非个例。2017年,健康点与中国抗癌协会康复会共同发起的“价值医疗变局——中国肿瘤患者服务升级”课题成果亦显示,肿瘤诊疗的可支付性以及创新药的可及性,成为肿瘤患者最大的心声。

事实上,基于日趋上升的新发癌症病例量以及高企的治疗费用,癌症治疗确已成为因病致贫、因病返贫的重灾区。据国家统计信息中心的数据,2015年肿瘤患者的住院医疗费用高达约1770亿元。而“中国肿瘤患者服务升级”课题研究显示,在经过医保报销之后,肿瘤患者接受诊断、治疗的平均总自付金额仍高达14万元,若是接受靶向治疗,平均总花费约为22万元;分别为家庭可支配收入的1.75倍、2.7倍。这显示出,癌症患者的诊疗费用实际远超出家庭支付能力。而只有基本医疗保险报销,有望帮助这些深陷财务危机的患者家庭,远离崩溃边缘。

只是这缕“阳光”还很难实现“普照”,尤其对于肿瘤患者而言,受限于医保的一些门槛,尚不能享受或是无法充分享受基本医疗保险带来的保障。该课题研究还显示,53%的受访者认为,医保目录内药物报销比例过低。而即便如此,这些已经在享受保障的患者人群已经相对幸运,因为对那些治疗药物尙末进入国家医保的肿瘤患者而言,希望更加渺茫——51%的受访者表示,所使用的药物没有医保。

当前,基本医疗保险是中国大多数患者在公立医疗机构就诊的主要“买单方”,而由于诸多抗肿瘤创新药无法进入基本医疗保险目录,对于诸多肿瘤患者而言,基本医疗保险只能成为看得见却摸不着的期盼。高比例自付甚至完全自费,给患者持续用药树起一道难以逾越的门槛。

“目前我国的情况是,医疗费用在快速增长,医保的使用也在快速增长,如何有效地使用,我想这是下一步医改的主要问题,这不单是医保的问题,也是直接牵涉到人民健康的问题。”在“价值医疗变局——中国肿瘤患者服务升级”研讨会期间,中国社会保障学会副会长、中山大学教授申曙光坦言。

只可惜,缓解庞大的肿瘤医疗费用并非易事。

由于担心癌细胞转移要改变用药方案,丁红发现自己甚至变得有些“神经质”:父亲一说“头疼”就以为是肺癌脑转移,一说“腰酸腿疼”就以为是肺癌骨转移。耐药性也像是埋在丁红心头的“定时炸弹”,因为父亲一旦开始对现时的抗癌药出现耐药,就要转用更新型的抗癌药,不仅意味着药费可能出现成倍增加,而新药很可能又不在医保报销范围内。

丁红的焦虑正映射出药物可及性的尴尬境遇,“等不及”,成为横在肿瘤患者及家属心头的一个关键词——病魔来势汹汹,等不及国外肿瘤创新药在我国上市,等不及已在我国上市的治疗肿瘤创新药纳入医保报销范围。

可喜的是,国家为此正在付诸努力。政府前后出台的《加快改革药品医疗器械审评审批制度的意见》和《关于深化审评审批制度改革鼓励药品医疗器械创新的意见》已经释放信号,创新药物的准入机制将会更加便捷,可及性也将极大提升。而人力资源和社会保障部也在去年7月公布了通过谈判而纳入医保目录的36个专利药,其中包括15个肿瘤治疗药,涉及肺癌胃癌乳腺癌结直肠癌淋巴瘤、骨髓瘤等常见癌种。》

但是改变“丁红们”的两难困局,还需要有更多的改革。

2017年2月,时隔八年之后,人社部网站公布了新版《国家基本医疗保险、工伤保险和生育保险药品目录(2017年版)》。众望之后的“靴子”落地固然欣喜,然而对许多靠药物“续命”的肿瘤患者而言,八年的等待,可能便是生与死的分叉口。如何加快医保目录调整速度,增加调整频次,让患者及家属眼中的希望,再多一点,显得尤为紧迫。

来自一线学者积极发声,让丁红等患者及家属看到了愈渐光明的未来。

中国药科大学国际医药商学院院长马爱霞在2017中国价值医疗高峰论坛上曾呼吁:“让性价比更高的药物进入医保目录,使得医疗机构在多个诊疗方案和多项药物中选择最优化的治疗方案和合理的用药,最终让患者不仅能够少花钱,还能获得更好的疗效。”

马爱霞建议,对于一些临床急需的、高价值的药物,应该采取不定期的动态调整机制,也许能够有效缓解肿瘤患者的支付困局。她说:“在创新药物审评、审批的过程中可以借鉴国外先进方式实现上市和医保准入快速联动。在动态调整过程中,一定要考虑药物经济学评价依据问题,对于预算影响分析证据问题也要进行考虑。”

“药物经济学评估应该是综合评价体系,是以患者能否受益为终极目标,应该把医疗机构因为使用了创新药高价值药而让患者获得更优化的治疗方案,获得更好的疗效这一因素也考虑进去。”在马爱霞看来,建立更加科学、临床价值为导向的评估体制,让患者真正受益,获得更优化的治疗方案及更好的疗效,也是应对当前严峻的肿瘤诊疗形势不可或缺的方向。

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    2018-03-11 zb1235672

    好消息.值得学习

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1647521, encodeId=40fe164e52134, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=38043385561' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#医保报销#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=33855, encryptionId=38043385561, topicName=医保报销)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=2a3823444828, createdName=guguangxiang, createdTime=Sat Jul 07 04:55:00 CST 2018, time=2018-07-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1688891, encodeId=08d5168889145, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e93682845fd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肿瘤创新药#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=82845, encryptionId=e93682845fd, topicName=肿瘤创新药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=38f528676339, createdName=12498b08m99暂无昵称, createdTime=Sun Jun 17 03:55:00 CST 2018, time=2018-06-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=295127, encodeId=119b29512e22, content=好消息.值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=59321624668, createdName=zb1235672, createdTime=Sun Mar 11 08:35:17 CST 2018, time=2018-03-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1285538, encodeId=2cbd12855382f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=77903209422' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#创新#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=20, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=32094, encryptionId=77903209422, topicName=创新)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=512a199, createdName=lilianxiang, createdTime=Wed Mar 07 01:55:00 CST 2018, time=2018-03-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1545729, encodeId=b7fb1545e296c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=8df5560640e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#报销#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=56064, encryptionId=8df5560640e, topicName=报销)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=718013815880, createdName=ms705947299214030, createdTime=Wed Mar 07 01:55:00 CST 2018, time=2018-03-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=293216, encodeId=96912932167a, content=谢谢分享.学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6Nx0VGA4QMDzOP8oAgnV4h51EjSfehJ9QxyiaSmw8PB56BhY8KXFSxHCibXrzcy4abrzSibXQPxJ9kzrLcJyhhB8a/0, createdBy=1d3b1672603, createdName=明月清辉, createdTime=Mon Mar 05 11:03:05 CST 2018, time=2018-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
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  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1647521, encodeId=40fe164e52134, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=38043385561' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#医保报销#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=33855, encryptionId=38043385561, topicName=医保报销)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=2a3823444828, createdName=guguangxiang, createdTime=Sat Jul 07 04:55:00 CST 2018, time=2018-07-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1688891, encodeId=08d5168889145, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e93682845fd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肿瘤创新药#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=82845, encryptionId=e93682845fd, topicName=肿瘤创新药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=38f528676339, createdName=12498b08m99暂无昵称, createdTime=Sun Jun 17 03:55:00 CST 2018, time=2018-06-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=295127, encodeId=119b29512e22, content=好消息.值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=59321624668, createdName=zb1235672, createdTime=Sun Mar 11 08:35:17 CST 2018, time=2018-03-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1285538, encodeId=2cbd12855382f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=77903209422' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#创新#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=20, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=32094, encryptionId=77903209422, topicName=创新)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=512a199, createdName=lilianxiang, createdTime=Wed Mar 07 01:55:00 CST 2018, time=2018-03-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1545729, encodeId=b7fb1545e296c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=8df5560640e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#报销#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=56064, encryptionId=8df5560640e, topicName=报销)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=718013815880, createdName=ms705947299214030, createdTime=Wed Mar 07 01:55:00 CST 2018, time=2018-03-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=293216, encodeId=96912932167a, content=谢谢分享.学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6Nx0VGA4QMDzOP8oAgnV4h51EjSfehJ9QxyiaSmw8PB56BhY8KXFSxHCibXrzcy4abrzSibXQPxJ9kzrLcJyhhB8a/0, createdBy=1d3b1672603, createdName=明月清辉, createdTime=Mon Mar 05 11:03:05 CST 2018, time=2018-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-03-05 明月清辉

    谢谢分享.学习了

    0

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