肝硬化患者的治疗:抗病毒还是抗纤维化?

2018-11-22 骆抗先 南方医院骆抗先工作室

多年乙肝小三阳患者,男,44岁。近期B超检查发现肝硬化轻度,为此做了两次HBV_DNA定量检测:第一次:HBV_DNA<500IU/ml;第二次:采用ROCHE定量试剂,测得值为2.66*10^3IU/ml。

【病例】

多年乙肝小三阳患者,男,44岁。近期B超检查发现肝硬化轻度,为此做了两次HBV_DNA定量检测:第一次:HBV_DNA<500IU/ml;第二次:采用ROCHE定量试剂,测得值为2.66*10^3IU/ml。

请问:为什么两次检测的结果不一样?第二次采用更精确的ROCHE检测方法检测后,病毒量反而加大了呢?结果的不同是因为误差吗?我是否应该进行抗病毒治疗、还是继续用抗纤维化药物?

【作者评论】

极大多数人发生肝硬化都是被耽误的。许多医生和患者对肝硬化诊断不敏锐、治疗方向不正确,继续耽误,使病情加重。当前的问题有两个:一是肝硬化患者抗病毒治疗,是否与一般慢性乙型肝炎采取相同标准?二是主要抗病毒治疗,还是主要抗纤维化治疗?

哪一种肝硬化需要抗乙肝病毒治疗?

肝硬化的病因不同,最多是由慢性乙型肝炎、慢性丙型肝炎和长期酗酒引起,都可分轻、中度(代偿性)和重度(失代偿性)。由肝炎进展的肝硬化,都可分为活动性肝硬化和肝炎后肝硬化。前者病毒阳性、转氨酶增高的较多;后者多次检查病毒阴性、长期转氨酶稳定正常。当然只有活动性肝硬化才需要、而且必须要抗病毒治疗。

活动性肝硬化有什么特点?

因为还存在乙肝病毒,肝细胞还有轻重不等的炎症破坏,肝硬化的病情还在进展。如果不抗病毒治疗,可以由血细胞数正常、和食管静脉没有曲张的轻度代偿性肝硬化,炎症破坏继续发展,肝纤维化程度会继续加重,门静脉压力增高,就会发生脾功能亢进(血细胞被脾脏破坏)和食管静脉曲张,一旦曲张静脉破裂,就会发生大出血,病情恶化而肝功能失代偿,出现腹水、甚至肝昏迷。

慢性乙肝病毒感染绝大多数开始于小儿时,当时处于免疫耐受期,不发病只是慢性携带;到青年期有25%的携带者发生肝炎;40%的肝炎患者人到中年才进展为肝硬化。

经过几十年感染免疫之间的抗争,肝硬化时病毒水平大都较低、大都已进入“小三阳”期,肝细胞的炎症破坏也逐渐消减,病情趋向隐匿。但是几十年的肝纤维化逐渐积累,可能不知不觉已经有了肝硬化。

少数较年轻的活动性肝硬化患者,还处于“大三阳”期,病毒水平较高,炎症病变活跃,病情进展较快。但许多中老年患者,却因为病情隐蔽而不自觉,常常漏诊不治。

对活动性肝硬化怎样抗病毒治疗?

许多慢性肝病患者病情的进展,常是发展缓慢的岁数较大的患者。轻微的炎症破坏、轻微的肝纤维化形成,长期逐渐积累而成为肝硬化。一般表现为:病毒中下水平,转氨酶小幅度升高,纤维化较重而症状较轻。少数患者病毒时隐时现,转氨酶偏高或正常,症状若有若无,可不自觉,不很显着的检查结果也可被医生忽视。

本文不讨论活动性肝硬化的诊断

既然病情长期隐匿是许多肝硬化患者的特点,就不能用治疗肝炎的标准来对待肝硬化,当前对已经确诊的患者,国际医学界的主流观点是:

对一般肝硬化患者,不论转氨酶升高或正常,只要病毒持续阳性,就应该抗病毒治疗。

对青中年“大三阳”的轻度代偿性肝硬化患者,近亲有恶性肿瘤的患者,干扰素比核苷类药治疗更合适。

尤其是对失代偿性肝硬化患者,因肝细胞病变破坏严重,血清病毒水平可以非常低下,但只要有微量病毒,就可使病变活动。所以对此类患者,不论病毒是否检出,只要病毒抗原阳性,也应该抗病毒治疗。

对肝硬化必须抗纤维化治疗吗?

有些中药有抗肝纤维化作用,国内对丹参的研究较多,在大鼠实验中对抑制纤维化的多个环节有效;以丹参为主的中药合剂对慢性肝炎患者的临床试验也认为有效。鳖甲、龟板一类古方药物长期在临床沿用,但未经充分的科学整理。

当前有一些中成药在国内广泛应用,效果是否与药名“名实相符”,其实临床试验并不充分。

国外和境外都不用抗纤维化药物。

慢性乙型肝炎有反复炎症活动和肝细胞死亡,肝纤维化是对肝细胞损伤后的修复机制,不同程度的肝细胞损伤,就有不同程度的肝纤维化。

除去病因是防止肝纤维化最有效的措施。病情持续、反复活动的慢性乙型肝炎,根本的治疗是应用抗病毒药物。正像酗酒的患者必须禁酒,合并酒精性肝损害者继续酗酒,许多进展为肝硬化。

干扰素治疗有效的患者,在疗程结束后肝内炎症坏死和纤维化程度均有减轻,用定量组织化学的方法表明肝纤维化肯定的好转。

核苷类药控制炎症迅速,抗肝纤维化效果更显着。一些核苷类药物有治疗前和治疗后的肝穿刺检查对比数据,部分患者肝硬化有程度不同的减轻甚至逆转。

版权声明:
本网站所有内容来源注明为“梅斯医学”或“MedSci原创”的文字、图片和音视频资料,版权均属于梅斯医学所有。非经授权,任何媒体、网站或个人不得转载,授权转载时须注明来源为“梅斯医学”。其它来源的文章系转载文章,或“梅斯号”自媒体发布的文章,仅系出于传递更多信息之目的,本站仅负责审核内容合规,其内容不代表本站立场,本站不负责内容的准确性和版权。如果存在侵权、或不希望被转载的媒体或个人可与我们联系,我们将立即进行删除处理。
在此留言
评论区 (5)
#插入话题
  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2053956, encodeId=e33820539563b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d7545560388' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抗纤维化#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=55603, encryptionId=d7545560388, topicName=抗纤维化)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdqq.qlogo.cn/qqapp/1103841572/F82CC4A89F97BD21D3DDB7AD5F2AD09D/100, createdBy=52952500022, createdName=ms6829001416292975, createdTime=Tue Oct 01 02:48:00 CST 2019, time=2019-10-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1292461, encodeId=785912924616d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a3b4554e19d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抗病毒#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=55471, encryptionId=a3b4554e19d, topicName=抗病毒)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=52c7237, createdName=yahu, createdTime=Fri Nov 23 15:48:00 CST 2018, time=2018-11-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=353314, encodeId=a52635331457, content=抗病毒治疗是关键!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/11/12/6f80f6d18bfb74ecb66b6ced313da725.jpg, createdBy=61d639722, createdName=wuqianhong99, createdTime=Thu Nov 22 07:08:35 CST 2018, time=2018-11-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1046356, encodeId=7b96104635648, content=谢谢!最新的信息读起来就是收获大, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=guging, createdTime=Thu Nov 22 03:48:00 CST 2018, time=2018-11-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=353301, encodeId=567a353301e3, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83erjsOV82VchCbYrNfK91YYwYPlEFuSsUGrO3Pdrtv9QLjM84BnLibEL0bLLiaytsDVdH94ibInyRovCg/132, createdBy=e6882479224, createdName=叶蔷薇, createdTime=Thu Nov 22 03:26:13 CST 2018, time=2018-11-22, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2053956, encodeId=e33820539563b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d7545560388' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抗纤维化#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=55603, encryptionId=d7545560388, topicName=抗纤维化)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdqq.qlogo.cn/qqapp/1103841572/F82CC4A89F97BD21D3DDB7AD5F2AD09D/100, createdBy=52952500022, createdName=ms6829001416292975, createdTime=Tue Oct 01 02:48:00 CST 2019, time=2019-10-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1292461, encodeId=785912924616d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a3b4554e19d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抗病毒#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=55471, encryptionId=a3b4554e19d, topicName=抗病毒)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=52c7237, createdName=yahu, createdTime=Fri Nov 23 15:48:00 CST 2018, time=2018-11-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=353314, encodeId=a52635331457, content=抗病毒治疗是关键!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/11/12/6f80f6d18bfb74ecb66b6ced313da725.jpg, createdBy=61d639722, createdName=wuqianhong99, createdTime=Thu Nov 22 07:08:35 CST 2018, time=2018-11-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1046356, encodeId=7b96104635648, content=谢谢!最新的信息读起来就是收获大, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=guging, createdTime=Thu Nov 22 03:48:00 CST 2018, time=2018-11-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=353301, encodeId=567a353301e3, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83erjsOV82VchCbYrNfK91YYwYPlEFuSsUGrO3Pdrtv9QLjM84BnLibEL0bLLiaytsDVdH94ibInyRovCg/132, createdBy=e6882479224, createdName=叶蔷薇, createdTime=Thu Nov 22 03:26:13 CST 2018, time=2018-11-22, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-11-23 yahu
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2053956, encodeId=e33820539563b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d7545560388' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抗纤维化#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=55603, encryptionId=d7545560388, topicName=抗纤维化)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdqq.qlogo.cn/qqapp/1103841572/F82CC4A89F97BD21D3DDB7AD5F2AD09D/100, createdBy=52952500022, createdName=ms6829001416292975, createdTime=Tue Oct 01 02:48:00 CST 2019, time=2019-10-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1292461, encodeId=785912924616d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a3b4554e19d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抗病毒#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=55471, encryptionId=a3b4554e19d, topicName=抗病毒)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=52c7237, createdName=yahu, createdTime=Fri Nov 23 15:48:00 CST 2018, time=2018-11-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=353314, encodeId=a52635331457, content=抗病毒治疗是关键!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/11/12/6f80f6d18bfb74ecb66b6ced313da725.jpg, createdBy=61d639722, createdName=wuqianhong99, createdTime=Thu Nov 22 07:08:35 CST 2018, time=2018-11-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1046356, encodeId=7b96104635648, content=谢谢!最新的信息读起来就是收获大, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=guging, createdTime=Thu Nov 22 03:48:00 CST 2018, time=2018-11-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=353301, encodeId=567a353301e3, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83erjsOV82VchCbYrNfK91YYwYPlEFuSsUGrO3Pdrtv9QLjM84BnLibEL0bLLiaytsDVdH94ibInyRovCg/132, createdBy=e6882479224, createdName=叶蔷薇, createdTime=Thu Nov 22 03:26:13 CST 2018, time=2018-11-22, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-11-22 wuqianhong99

    抗病毒治疗是关键!

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2053956, encodeId=e33820539563b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d7545560388' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抗纤维化#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=55603, encryptionId=d7545560388, topicName=抗纤维化)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdqq.qlogo.cn/qqapp/1103841572/F82CC4A89F97BD21D3DDB7AD5F2AD09D/100, createdBy=52952500022, createdName=ms6829001416292975, createdTime=Tue Oct 01 02:48:00 CST 2019, time=2019-10-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1292461, encodeId=785912924616d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a3b4554e19d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抗病毒#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=55471, encryptionId=a3b4554e19d, topicName=抗病毒)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=52c7237, createdName=yahu, createdTime=Fri Nov 23 15:48:00 CST 2018, time=2018-11-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=353314, encodeId=a52635331457, content=抗病毒治疗是关键!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/11/12/6f80f6d18bfb74ecb66b6ced313da725.jpg, createdBy=61d639722, createdName=wuqianhong99, createdTime=Thu Nov 22 07:08:35 CST 2018, time=2018-11-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1046356, encodeId=7b96104635648, content=谢谢!最新的信息读起来就是收获大, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=guging, createdTime=Thu Nov 22 03:48:00 CST 2018, time=2018-11-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=353301, encodeId=567a353301e3, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83erjsOV82VchCbYrNfK91YYwYPlEFuSsUGrO3Pdrtv9QLjM84BnLibEL0bLLiaytsDVdH94ibInyRovCg/132, createdBy=e6882479224, createdName=叶蔷薇, createdTime=Thu Nov 22 03:26:13 CST 2018, time=2018-11-22, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-11-22 guging

    谢谢!最新的信息读起来就是收获大

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2053956, encodeId=e33820539563b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d7545560388' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抗纤维化#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=55603, encryptionId=d7545560388, topicName=抗纤维化)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdqq.qlogo.cn/qqapp/1103841572/F82CC4A89F97BD21D3DDB7AD5F2AD09D/100, createdBy=52952500022, createdName=ms6829001416292975, createdTime=Tue Oct 01 02:48:00 CST 2019, time=2019-10-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1292461, encodeId=785912924616d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a3b4554e19d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抗病毒#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=55471, encryptionId=a3b4554e19d, topicName=抗病毒)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=52c7237, createdName=yahu, createdTime=Fri Nov 23 15:48:00 CST 2018, time=2018-11-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=353314, encodeId=a52635331457, content=抗病毒治疗是关键!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/11/12/6f80f6d18bfb74ecb66b6ced313da725.jpg, createdBy=61d639722, createdName=wuqianhong99, createdTime=Thu Nov 22 07:08:35 CST 2018, time=2018-11-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1046356, encodeId=7b96104635648, content=谢谢!最新的信息读起来就是收获大, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=guging, createdTime=Thu Nov 22 03:48:00 CST 2018, time=2018-11-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=353301, encodeId=567a353301e3, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83erjsOV82VchCbYrNfK91YYwYPlEFuSsUGrO3Pdrtv9QLjM84BnLibEL0bLLiaytsDVdH94ibInyRovCg/132, createdBy=e6882479224, createdName=叶蔷薇, createdTime=Thu Nov 22 03:26:13 CST 2018, time=2018-11-22, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-11-22 叶蔷薇

    学习了

    0

相关资讯

骆抗先:肝硬化患者的治疗:抗病毒还是抗纤维化?

极大多数人发生肝硬化都是被耽误的。许多医生和患者对肝硬化诊断不敏锐、治疗方向不正确,继续耽误,使病情加重。肝硬化患者抗病毒治疗,是否与一般慢性乙型肝炎采取相同标准?主要抗病毒治疗,还是主要抗纤维化治疗?

JAMA Surg:肝癌患者术后晚期复发的影响因素研究

研究认为肝癌切除术后的晚期复发与性别、肝硬化和原发性肝癌的多个侵袭性肿瘤特征有关,积极的术后监测有助于提高晚期复发人群的生存率

腹水伴上腹压痛,这次真不是肝硬化这么简单!

本以为是一个简单的腹水病例,而最终结果却并非想象中的那么简单……

“乙肝携带者”怎么成了肝硬化?

某女,25岁,有 “乙肝大三阳”携带史多年,每年均体查肝功能等指标,转氨酶一直正常,今年因为将要成婚,到我院常规检查,没有任何不适主诉,发现肝功能ALT等升高,HBV DNA 107 IU/ml,B超仅认为肝区回声密集增粗,无其他异常发现。我们的医生考虑慢性乙肝,建议抗病毒治疗。

J Hepatol:酒精性肝硬化 预防骨折性命攸关

肝硬化的患病率正在不断增加,其是骨质疏松和骨折的风险因素。肝硬化后骨折对生命构成极大的威胁,甚至估计30天死亡率高达10%。但目前对酒精性肝硬化患者髋部骨折的实际风险知之甚少。

Neurology:破坏性颅颈交界区结核和抗结核治疗

42岁肝硬化男性,MRI可见破坏性的颅颈交界区结核。