Nat Commun:清华大学生命学院钟毅课题组发现一种不需要蛋白质合成却能长期维持的情境依赖记忆

2019-10-12 佚名 细胞

清华大学生命科学学院钟毅课题组在《自然通讯》(Nature Communications)发表了题为“果蝇能够形成一种不需要蛋白质合成依赖的固化的长时程记忆”(Long-term memory is formed immediately without the need for protein synthesis-dependent consolidation in Drosophila)的研究论

清华大学生命科学学院钟毅课题组在《自然通讯》(Nature Communications)发表了题为“果蝇能够形成一种不需要蛋白质合成依赖的固化的长时程记忆”(Long-term memory is formed immediately without the need for protein synthesis-dependent consolidation in Drosophila)的研究论文。该论文首次揭示了“情境效应”是依赖于一种不需要蛋白质合成却几乎能够终生维持的情境依赖记忆,并揭示了这种记忆提取的多感官整合神经机制。这一研究颠覆了人们对于长期记忆的认知,并启发科学家们重新理解记忆的本质。

在整个学习记忆研究领域的一个常识是长时程记忆的形成需要一个维持数小时的、需要新蛋白质合成的记忆固化过程。在果蝇嗅觉惩罚性记忆中,长时程记忆的形成更是需要重复十次、每次的时间间隔在15分钟的学习过程。这种训练下形成的长时程记忆需要数小时的时间来进行固化,维持7天以上。而简单的一次训练则只能形成相对不稳定的记忆,并在24小时之内几乎完全被遗忘掉。今日钟毅课题组发表的论文则发现了一种长期维持的情境依赖记忆(cLTM, context-dependent long-term memory)。研究人员发现,在果蝇中简单地一次训练就能够马上形成这种记忆,不需要固化过程却能够维持超过14天而不衰减。

令人出乎意料的是,这种记忆的维持不仅不需要新蛋白质合成,还不依赖于经典的果蝇嗅觉学习记忆中枢:磨菇体(MB, mushroom body),而是依赖于另一个嗅觉高级中枢侧角(LH, lateral horn)。侧角通常被认为是负责嗅觉相关的先天行为,它会与多个脑区连接。在这里,研究人员发现情境依赖记忆的提取需要环境中多种感官信息的匹配,如训练环境与测试环境的光线环境、温度、触觉信息等等。在记忆提取时,这些信息会整合到侧角,共同调控情境依赖的嗅觉记忆提取。这些研究成果揭示了心理学中情境效应的神经机制,并且这种长期维持却又不依赖于固化的记忆形式启发我们重新理解学习与记忆的本质。

清华大学生命科学学院博士生赵博涵、孙佳孟为本文共同第一作者。张煦晨博士、博士生莫涵、本科生牛艺钧、李乾博士和王连章参与本文研究。清华大学钟毅教授为本文通讯作者。本研究感谢李岩博士、刘力博士、朱岩博士、李毓龙博士、饶毅博士、张伟博士、Ronald L. Davis博士赠送的果蝇品系,感谢胡皖桐博士、张云川博士、张立伟博士、雷博和陈俞君提供的帮助和建议,感谢国家自然科学基金、北京市科委和清华-北大生命联合中心的资助。

原始出处:
Zhao B1, Sun J1, Zhang X1, et al.Long-term memory is formed immediately without the need for protein synthesis-dependent consolidation in Drosophila.Nat Commun. 2019 Oct 7;10(1):4550. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-12436-7.

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    2020-03-18 liuli5079
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    2019-11-19 liye789132251
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    2019-10-14 医生2397

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