10省试点,这项医药政策要全国铺开?

2018-04-11 阿托品 赛柏蓝

MAH制度即药品上市许可持有人制度的试点始于2016年6月国务院办公厅印发《药品上市许可持有人制度试点方案》,在北京、天津、河北、上海、江苏、浙江、福建、山东、广东、四川等10个省(市)开展药品上市许可持有人制度试点,试点将实施至2018年11月4日。

MAH制度即药品上市许可持有人制度的试点始于2016年6月国务院办公厅印发《药品上市许可持有人制度试点方案》,在北京、天津、河北、上海、江苏、浙江、福建、山东、广东、四川等10个省(市)开展药品上市许可持有人制度试点,试点将实施至2018年11月4日。

2017年10月,总局办公厅公开征求《药品注册管理办法(修订稿)》意见,第六条提到“国家实行药品上市许可持有人制度”这意味着2018年底后MAH将全面推开。

MAH目前试点了那么多省份,但是目前成功的案例大多数都是同一集团内部的生产产地变更,或者是同一药品企业获得新药证书且获得药品上市许可持有人且预计生产产地还是在该企业内。

绝少出现药品上市许可持有人和生产企业不属于同一集团或同一生产企业,但是MAH制度其中的最大一个亮点是改变药品批准文号与生产企业捆绑的模式,允许持有人多点委托生产,现实与政策目标不能一致,这是为何?

这主要是适用于MAH的药品非常有限。根据试点方案,方案实施后批准上市即2015年11月5日的新药、按与原研药品质量和疗效一致的新标准批准上市的仿制药、方案实施前已批准上市的通过质量和疗效一致性评价的药品、试点行政区域内药品生产企业整体搬迁或者被兼并后整体搬迁的且该企业持有药品批准文号的药品。

MAH在2016年开始试点。2016年正值CFDA药品注册改革,2015年11月5日以后获批的新药和与原研药品质量和疗效一致的新标准批准上市的仿制药非常少,而且获批的产品对应的生产厂家大多都是大企业,需要委托生产的可能性非常少。

再说2015年11月5日以后获批的产品大多数都是药品批准文号与生产企业捆绑模式年代的产品,一般而言,研发者和生产机构都已经签好相关合作协议,药品上市许可持有人变更的可能性很小。

对于2015年11月5日以前批准上市的通过质量和疗效一致性评价的药品在2017年12月月底才公布第一批,这批产品有多少通过MAH扩大产能有待时间证实。但是2018年来看,这批产品短期内是很难做到持有人多点委托生产的。

于是对于企业来说,只有“试点行政区域内,药品生产企业整体搬迁或者被兼并后整体搬迁的,该企业持有药品批准文号的药品”最有可能享受到MAH政策所带来的优待。

从2016年下半年注册法规改革基本定调,仿制药的研发周期最快也要18个月,由研发机构主导委托生产MAH模式预计理想状态下最快也要在2018年年底完成申报,2019年化学药品最新注册分类四类快速获批,预计2020年才是研发机构主导MAH收获之年。创新药预计还要延迟至少三年。

2015年11月5日以前批准上市的通过质量和疗效一致性评价的药品则有可能在2018年开始通过委托生产方式增加产能,但更有可能的是国控系、复星系的集团内的多点生产。

由此看来,MAH短期内就想开花结果的难度非常大。

▍MAH实施的难点

1.质量体系大多企业都还是不健全的

药品上市许可持有人需要对上市药品的安全性、有效性和质量可控性进行持续考察研究,履行药品的全生命周期管理,并承担法律责任。药品上市许可的申请人应当具备与申报药品全生命周期管理相关的质量管理体系及风险管理体系等(包括药物警戒管理系统);申请人准备自行生产拟上市药品的,还应当具备符合生产质量管理规范要求的药品生产条件。

药品上市许可持有人应系统性评估变更对药品安全性、有效性和质量可控性等的影响,根据变更类型提交相应申请,并将所有变更汇总在年度报告中等规则都要求药品上市许可持有人拥有全面且系统的药品质量管理体系。

我国大多数企业都没有建立系统性的质量管理体系,对于全生命周期应该如何管理许多企业都还在学习阶段,MAH模式要求的是企业能将成熟的质量管理体系输出委外生产企业,在当下对产品高要求的新环境下,除非是本身没有生产企业的研发单位,否则一般生产企业都不会随意委外扩充产能。

2.委托研发要注意避坑

根据《药品注册管理办法》最新的征求意见稿,提到多个主体联合研制药品,应当明确其中一个主体作为药品上市许可申请的申请人并说明其他合作研发机构,其他合作研发机构不得就同一品种使用相同资料重复申请。这意味着一些资本或销售代理制企业想通过MAH布局产品时,一定要慎重选择CRO机构,有些机构一家卖多家的资料要小心入坑。

3.药品上市许可持有人变更难度依然

在药品上市许可申请审评审批期间,申请人原则上不得发生生产过程、质控和生产场地等方面影响产品质量、疗效、安全性的重大变更。确需变更的,申请人应撤回原药品上市许可申请,在完成变更研究后重新提出药品上市许可申请。未按要求撤回且坚持进行变更的,其变更后研究资料和数据药品审评机构可不予考虑。

药品上市许可持有人、受托生产企业或药品名称等监管信息变更,按照重大变更管理,需要通过系列的研究工作证明变更对药品安全性、有效性和质量可控性不产生负面影响。

对于仅涉及文字性变化的药品上市许可持有人或受托生产企业的名称、地址变更,按照中度变更管理,需要相应的研究工作证明变更对药品安全性、有效性和质量可控性不产生负面影响。

这意味着药品上市许可持有人基本很难变更,相较于以往的技术转让更换产品的所有权,MAH并没简化相应的变更程序。

MAH制度的落地还要看各省药监局对MAH的理解。为了监管便利,个别省份不允许监控难度较大的产品转移出省。如何通过政策打破区域壁垒还要看MAH制度正式稿。

4.上市后监测管理体系要加强

药品上市许可持有人负责药品生产销售全链条和药品全生命周期管理,对药品临床前研究、临床试验、生产制造、经销配送、不良反应监测等承担全部法律责任。

MAH要求持有人应建立药物警戒体系,特别是按照《药品不良反应报告和监测管理办法》的有关要求,开展药品不良反应监测,持续考察上市后药品的安全性和有效性,对已识别风险的药品及时采取风险控制措施,直接向食品药品监管部门报告临床中的不良反应和处置措施。

持有人可与相关第三方开展合作,委托其开展试点品种的药物警戒,但不免除持有人应当履行的义务与责任。

国内不少企业都没有建设全面的不良反应监测数据库,没有药品销售经验的研发机构管理经销配送和不良反应监测更是吃力。药物警戒体系将会是CFDA考核研发企业有无能力管理产品上市后一连串事宜的考核关键点,没有相关体系和架构设想的研发企业预计要唱《凉凉》了。此外两票制、医药代表备案制的管理对于研发机构MAH的管理也是大挑战。

小结

MAH对国内生产企业来说,相当于一下拔高了管理标准,执行难度非常大。暂时只有大而全的集团企业能够真正hold得住MAH制度。相关人才也非常欠缺。预计短期内国内企业还是先以MAH制度要求提升自己,完善体系,才会考虑多点委托生产的事宜。

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    2018-04-12 bioon3
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    2018-04-12 cathymary
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1641635, encodeId=31f6164163589, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c1bf91e4162' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#试点#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=20, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=91741, encryptionId=c1bf91e4162, topicName=试点)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=4a5522833467, createdName=ms1774076774505970, createdTime=Tue May 01 00:14:00 CST 2018, time=2018-05-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1260326, encodeId=d55312603268d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1ed65e476b8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#政策#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=57476, encryptionId=1ed65e476b8, topicName=政策)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=322359, createdName=bioon3, createdTime=Thu Apr 12 15:14:00 CST 2018, time=2018-04-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1409469, encodeId=f7aa1409469be, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2c1c35262a9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#医药#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=35262, encryptionId=2c1c35262a9, topicName=医药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=36f62754598, createdName=cathymary, createdTime=Thu Apr 12 15:14:00 CST 2018, time=2018-04-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=304748, encodeId=1063304e48e5, content=学习了很有用不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib3IzoRn621JdKCFUI4XvNELcibocrAVU6aUzEVDSaf3rYH08PUYUiagGqxAEhj8g9WqqNvD1CupIpCrmnR2OrqHZh/0, createdBy=7f181365728, createdName=飛歌, createdTime=Wed Apr 11 08:13:58 CST 2018, time=2018-04-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=304718, encodeId=3a9a304e189b, content=学习了受益匪浅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/ajNVdqHZLLDicHg2ldsSNmib46PmdzpO7CQEmPjuULp1v45zPWwMYhrnXgvl3OtmUCZSQfgITWn96X9moL94nUGA/0, createdBy=28072041016, createdName=131****1460, createdTime=Wed Apr 11 07:42:42 CST 2018, time=2018-04-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=304659, encodeId=dcc6304659af, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a8f22260741, createdName=121832a9m88暂无昵称, createdTime=Wed Apr 11 06:18:07 CST 2018, time=2018-04-11, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-04-11 飛歌

    学习了很有用不错

    0

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    2018-04-11 131****1460

    学习了受益匪浅

    0

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    2018-04-11 121832a9m88暂无昵称

    学习了

    0

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