人类大脑对截去的四肢存有记忆,那换头之后呢?

2016-10-08 叶子 DeepTech深科技

大脑对截去的四肢存有记忆?是的,你没看错,截肢患者有时会出现幻觉,以为被截去的肢体还存在,并且似乎还能感觉到它传来的疼痛等,这就是“幻肢感”。 一项最新的研究成果显示,在截肢患者的大脑成像中,还保留着对被解除肢体的影像,这也许就是“幻肢感”的成因。 “第三只手”并不存在 “幻肢感”总会让截肢患者产生一种错觉,即被截去的肢体仿佛还存在。有神论者会认为这是灵魂

大脑对截去的四肢存有记忆?是的,你没看错,截肢患者有时会出现幻觉,以为被截去的肢体还存在,并且似乎还能感觉到它传来的疼痛等,这就是“幻肢感”。

一项最新的研究成果显示,在截肢患者的大脑成像中,还保留着对被解除肢体的影像,这也许就是“幻肢感”的成因。


“第三只手”并不存在

“幻肢感”总会让截肢患者产生一种错觉,即被截去的肢体仿佛还存在。有神论者会认为这是灵魂的感应。不过早在16世纪,法国外科医生Ambroise Pare就注意到了幻肢的存在。美国神经科学家S·拉马钱德兰(S. Ramachandran)也曾揭开“幻肢之谜”。所以,上帝的“第三只手”其实并不存在。

以往的研究表明,移动截肢患者的被截肢体部位可以使患者的大脑产生活跃反应,但很难解释产生这种反应的原因。

牛津大学的Sanne Kikkert和她的同事从大脑成像的角度探究了更深层次的幻肢原理。她们分析,截肢患者大脑成像的结果发现,在截肢患者的大脑中还保存着被截去肢体的清晰影像,这一影像甚至详细到手指。在失去被截肢体十几年后,大脑中依然保留着这一肢体的清晰影像。

研究人员还发现,截肢患者通过“幻肢感”不仅能感知并且还可以“控制”被截肢体。当要求截肢患者单独移动被截手指部位时,被截手指的影像清晰的出现在患者大脑的扫描结果中。同时Kikkert等选择的是左手截肢25~30年之久的患者,通过对比研究发现,被截的左手在大脑中还存在与右手类似的影像。


脑成像结果显示,截肢患者的大脑中保留着对每根手指的影像,与正常大脑(上部图片)相比,截肢患者大脑中(下部图片)对截肢部位的成像与正常大脑相似(图片来源:eLife)

大脑体感皮层重组刷或重塑“体感小人”


在神经科学领域,有一个著名的“小人”即“体感小人”,它是指大脑躯体感觉皮层与身体的对应关系。在体感皮层中,不同区域控制着不同的躯体或者肢体,不同的躯体或者肢体在大脑的体感皮层中也都占有一席之地。

以往研究认为,当截肢患者失去某一肢体后,其大脑体感皮层中,这一肢体对应的区域会逐渐被相邻的区域所侵占,大脑体感皮层会发生重组。大量的动物实验证实了大脑重组的假设,2013年牛津大学Tamar Makin等人也在人体中验证得到了类似的现象。

但新的研究结果,也许会颠覆这一理念。在Kikkert研究结果中,肢体被截除后虽然也在患者大脑中显示了出了相邻肢体有“鸠占鹊巢”的倾向,但大脑在重组的同时,也尽力兼顾保留着对被截肢体的影像。

这听起来让人难以置信,所以Kikkert说,这一新发现,会重新引发对大脑内部“领土入侵”的讨论。


Sergio Canavero和他的换头构想

这项有意思的发现也许会推动“神经义肢技术”的快速发展,为残疾人士谋福。但意大利神经外科专家赛吉尔·卡纳维洛(Sergio Canavero)可能会非常不爽,他的“换头术”在去年就一直处于舆论的漩涡。

如果Kikkert等人的研究结果被进一步证实,那换头后,大脑到底控制的是哪个身子?大脑会不会陷入深深地迷茫,不可自拔?(生物谷Bioon.com)

参考文献:

[1] https://theconversation.com/study-reveals-why-the-brain-cant-forget-amputated-limbs-even-decades-later-64693

[2] Sanne Kikkert, James Kolasinski,Saad Jbabdi, et al. Revealing the neural fingerprints of a missing hand[J].eLife, 2016. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.15292


版权声明:
本网站所有内容来源注明为“梅斯医学”或“MedSci原创”的文字、图片和音视频资料,版权均属于梅斯医学所有。非经授权,任何媒体、网站或个人不得转载,授权转载时须注明来源为“梅斯医学”。其它来源的文章系转载文章,或“梅斯号”自媒体发布的文章,仅系出于传递更多信息之目的,本站仅负责审核内容合规,其内容不代表本站立场,本站不负责内容的准确性和版权。如果存在侵权、或不希望被转载的媒体或个人可与我们联系,我们将立即进行删除处理。
在此留言
评论区 (5)
#插入话题
  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=157870, encodeId=298f15e87033, content=这个问题不仅仅是技术问题,更涉及到伦理等复杂问题, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2ce01436724, createdName=zhugenying2008, createdTime=Thu Nov 24 14:35:19 CST 2016, time=2016-11-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=150938, encodeId=bb0a150938cb, content=这个可能性比较小, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20151226/IMG567EB873985DE3928.jpg, createdBy=ea941622301, createdName=inter158, createdTime=Mon Oct 24 23:59:00 CST 2016, time=2016-10-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=142280, encodeId=0a0f142280ed, content=继续关注!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160811/IMG57AC91915ACA64463.jpg, createdBy=9c351934462, createdName=知难而进, createdTime=Sun Oct 09 00:25:37 CST 2016, time=2016-10-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=142279, encodeId=a1191422e933, content=谢谢分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160811/IMG57AC91915ACA64463.jpg, createdBy=9c351934462, createdName=知难而进, createdTime=Sun Oct 09 00:25:31 CST 2016, time=2016-10-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=142188, encodeId=3d951421884d, content=神经义肢,残存的控制欲, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cb571956164, createdName=187清风, createdTime=Sat Oct 08 22:01:30 CST 2016, time=2016-10-08, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-11-24 zhugenying2008

    这个问题不仅仅是技术问题,更涉及到伦理等复杂问题

    0

  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=157870, encodeId=298f15e87033, content=这个问题不仅仅是技术问题,更涉及到伦理等复杂问题, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2ce01436724, createdName=zhugenying2008, createdTime=Thu Nov 24 14:35:19 CST 2016, time=2016-11-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=150938, encodeId=bb0a150938cb, content=这个可能性比较小, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20151226/IMG567EB873985DE3928.jpg, createdBy=ea941622301, createdName=inter158, createdTime=Mon Oct 24 23:59:00 CST 2016, time=2016-10-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=142280, encodeId=0a0f142280ed, content=继续关注!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160811/IMG57AC91915ACA64463.jpg, createdBy=9c351934462, createdName=知难而进, createdTime=Sun Oct 09 00:25:37 CST 2016, time=2016-10-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=142279, encodeId=a1191422e933, content=谢谢分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160811/IMG57AC91915ACA64463.jpg, createdBy=9c351934462, createdName=知难而进, createdTime=Sun Oct 09 00:25:31 CST 2016, time=2016-10-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=142188, encodeId=3d951421884d, content=神经义肢,残存的控制欲, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cb571956164, createdName=187清风, createdTime=Sat Oct 08 22:01:30 CST 2016, time=2016-10-08, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-10-24 inter158

    这个可能性比较小

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=157870, encodeId=298f15e87033, content=这个问题不仅仅是技术问题,更涉及到伦理等复杂问题, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2ce01436724, createdName=zhugenying2008, createdTime=Thu Nov 24 14:35:19 CST 2016, time=2016-11-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=150938, encodeId=bb0a150938cb, content=这个可能性比较小, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20151226/IMG567EB873985DE3928.jpg, createdBy=ea941622301, createdName=inter158, createdTime=Mon Oct 24 23:59:00 CST 2016, time=2016-10-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=142280, encodeId=0a0f142280ed, content=继续关注!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160811/IMG57AC91915ACA64463.jpg, createdBy=9c351934462, createdName=知难而进, createdTime=Sun Oct 09 00:25:37 CST 2016, time=2016-10-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=142279, encodeId=a1191422e933, content=谢谢分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160811/IMG57AC91915ACA64463.jpg, createdBy=9c351934462, createdName=知难而进, createdTime=Sun Oct 09 00:25:31 CST 2016, time=2016-10-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=142188, encodeId=3d951421884d, content=神经义肢,残存的控制欲, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cb571956164, createdName=187清风, createdTime=Sat Oct 08 22:01:30 CST 2016, time=2016-10-08, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-10-09 知难而进

    继续关注!

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=157870, encodeId=298f15e87033, content=这个问题不仅仅是技术问题,更涉及到伦理等复杂问题, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2ce01436724, createdName=zhugenying2008, createdTime=Thu Nov 24 14:35:19 CST 2016, time=2016-11-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=150938, encodeId=bb0a150938cb, content=这个可能性比较小, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20151226/IMG567EB873985DE3928.jpg, createdBy=ea941622301, createdName=inter158, createdTime=Mon Oct 24 23:59:00 CST 2016, time=2016-10-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=142280, encodeId=0a0f142280ed, content=继续关注!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160811/IMG57AC91915ACA64463.jpg, createdBy=9c351934462, createdName=知难而进, createdTime=Sun Oct 09 00:25:37 CST 2016, time=2016-10-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=142279, encodeId=a1191422e933, content=谢谢分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160811/IMG57AC91915ACA64463.jpg, createdBy=9c351934462, createdName=知难而进, createdTime=Sun Oct 09 00:25:31 CST 2016, time=2016-10-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=142188, encodeId=3d951421884d, content=神经义肢,残存的控制欲, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cb571956164, createdName=187清风, createdTime=Sat Oct 08 22:01:30 CST 2016, time=2016-10-08, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-10-09 知难而进

    谢谢分享!

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=157870, encodeId=298f15e87033, content=这个问题不仅仅是技术问题,更涉及到伦理等复杂问题, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2ce01436724, createdName=zhugenying2008, createdTime=Thu Nov 24 14:35:19 CST 2016, time=2016-11-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=150938, encodeId=bb0a150938cb, content=这个可能性比较小, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20151226/IMG567EB873985DE3928.jpg, createdBy=ea941622301, createdName=inter158, createdTime=Mon Oct 24 23:59:00 CST 2016, time=2016-10-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=142280, encodeId=0a0f142280ed, content=继续关注!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160811/IMG57AC91915ACA64463.jpg, createdBy=9c351934462, createdName=知难而进, createdTime=Sun Oct 09 00:25:37 CST 2016, time=2016-10-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=142279, encodeId=a1191422e933, content=谢谢分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160811/IMG57AC91915ACA64463.jpg, createdBy=9c351934462, createdName=知难而进, createdTime=Sun Oct 09 00:25:31 CST 2016, time=2016-10-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=142188, encodeId=3d951421884d, content=神经义肢,残存的控制欲, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cb571956164, createdName=187清风, createdTime=Sat Oct 08 22:01:30 CST 2016, time=2016-10-08, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-10-08 187清风

    神经义肢,残存的控制欲

    0

相关资讯

中国“换头术”专家任晓平:这不是禁区

尽管有人质疑“异体头身重建术”研究是对现有医疗资源的浪费,但任晓平还是坚持认为,它将会对未来医学的发展起到积极正向推动效果。“这一研究是社会敏感话题,在学术界也有其争议性,但并不是‘禁区’。”6月12日,在美国马里兰举行的美国神经和骨科医师学会年会上,任晓平与意大利“换头术”临床试验项目发起人塞尔吉奥·卡纳维洛医生会面。任晓平供图如果不是因为意大利都灵高级神经调节小组的塞尔吉奥·卡纳维洛医生在