Drugs Aging:老年患者处方抗胆碱药物 谵妄风险会升高?

2019-02-22 吴星 环球医学

2019年1月,发表于《Drugs Aging》上的一项研究,考察了老年住院患者队列中谵妄与抗胆碱药负荷之间的相关性。

2019年1月,发表于《Drugs Aging》上的一项研究,考察了老年住院患者队列中谵妄与抗胆碱药负荷之间的相关性。

背景:谵妄是一种神经精神综合征,平均每5例老年住院患者中有1例会发生谵妄。谵妄与多个不良结局相关,包括认知和功能状态恶化,增加患者和护理者的负担,以及死亡率抬升。具有抗胆碱作用的药物与老年门诊患者的谵妄综合征的临床严重程度相关,但该相关性仍存在争论。

目的:根据累计抗胆碱药负荷增加谵妄风险的假设,评估谵妄与抗胆碱药负荷之间的相关性。

方法:对2014年6月至2015年1月,入住意大利蒙扎圣赫拉尔医院(San Gerardo Hospital)急性老年病房(AGU)的老年患者样本开展一项回顾性、横断面研究。患者入住时使用4“A”检测(4AT)诊断为谵妄,这是一种经过证实的谵妄诊断筛查工具,对入住AGU且为谵妄的老年患者有较好的敏感性和特异性。通过抗胆碱认知负荷量表(ABC)来测量每位患者的抗胆碱负荷,对抗胆碱能药物排名来预测老年患者中枢神经系统发生不良反应的风险。

结果:在477例符合分析标准的患者中,151例(31.7%)例患者患有谵妄。

根据ACB量表,377例患者(79.0%)使用至少1种抗胆碱药物。

根据ACB量表(1分),最常见的处方抗胆碱药物,除喹硫平具有较强的抗胆碱效果外,其他药物具有潜在的抗胆碱效果,但临床相关认知效果仍未知。

谵妄患者的抗胆碱药负担高于无谵妄患者,在总ACB评分与谵妄之间存在剂量-效果相关性,在单变量分析中具有显著性。

研究者观察到在评分为0~2的患者中谵妄风险较为平稳,但在评分为3或更高的患者中,谵妄风险大约为没有使用抗胆碱药物患者的3倍或6倍。

这种剂量-应答相关性在调整年龄和性别的多变量模型中持续存在[比值比(OR)5.88,95%置信区间(CI)2.10~16.60,p?=?0.00007],但在调整谵妄和迷你营养评估的模型中,仅有非显著趋势(OR 2.73,95% CI 0.85~8.77,p?=?0.12)。

结论:由于多种具有适度抗毒蕈碱药物的累积影响,抗胆碱药物或影响谵妄的进展。然而,调整谵妄和营养不良后,在多变量logistic回归分析中,这种影响不再显著。需要基于多个类别老年住院患者,包括谵妄和营养不良患者的更大型的多中心研究来考察药物、抗胆碱负担与谵妄之间的复杂相关性。

原始出处:

Pasina L, Colzani L, Cortesi L, et.al. Relation Between Delirium and Anticholinergic Drug Burden in a Cohort of Hospitalized Older Patients: An Observational Study. Drugs Aging. 2019 Jan;36(1):85-91. doi: 10.1007/s40266-018-0612-9.

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    2019-12-14 wangbingxhy
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    2019-12-28 tsing_hit
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    2019-02-24 grace5704