抗菌药物在各组织器官中的分布特点(汇总)

2018-05-10 rrmama 医学界感染频道

药物的体内分布特点,是选择抗菌药物的重要依据。如细菌性脑膜炎,宜选用脑脊液中浓度较高的抗菌药;肝胆系统感染者则应选择胆汁中浓度较高者,同时应结合可能的致病菌进行选药。


药物的体内分布特点,是选择抗菌药物的重要依据。如细菌性脑膜炎,宜选用脑脊液中浓度较高的抗菌药;肝胆系统感染者则应选择胆汁中浓度较高者,同时应结合可能的致病菌进行选药。

一、脑脊液中抗菌药物的分布情

1、可透过正常血脑屏障:

抗菌药物:氯霉素、磺胺类、替硝唑、甲硝唑、拉氧头孢、磷霉素、异烟肼、吡嗪酰胺。

抗真菌药物:氟康唑、伊曲康唑、伏立康唑、氟胞嘧啶。

抗病毒药物:阿昔洛韦。

2、仅脑膜炎时可透过血脑屏障:

抗菌药物:氨苄西林、青霉素G、羧苄西林、阿莫西林、替卡西林、哌拉西林、美洛西林、阿洛西林;头孢呋辛、头孢西丁、某些三代头孢(头孢唑肟、头孢曲松、头孢噻肟、头孢他啶)、头孢吡肟、头孢匹罗;氨曲南、美罗培南;万古霉素、达托霉素;新霉素、乙酰螺旋霉素、左氧氟沙星、氧氟沙星、环丙沙星;阿米卡星;克林霉素、奥硝唑;利福平、乙胺丁醇。

抗真菌药物:两性霉素B。 

二、骨组织中抗菌药物的分布情况

1、可达到杀灭病原菌的有效药物浓度:

林可霉素、克林霉素、头孢替安、磷霉素、氟喹诺酮类、万古霉素、夫西地酸(可达血浓度的0.3~2倍)。

2、大剂量时在骨中也可达到一定浓度:

青霉素类和头孢菌素类如甲氧西林、双氯西林、头孢呋辛、头孢孟多、头孢噻肟、头孢曲松、头孢他定等均可在骨组织中达到有效治疗浓度。

三、前列腺组织中抗菌药物的分布情况

抗菌药物在前列腺组织和前列腺液中浓度大多较低。以下类别的抗菌药物在前列腺液和其组织中大多可达到有效浓度:

红霉素等大环内酯类、复方磺胺甲噁唑、甲氧苄啶(TMP)、利福平。

氟喹诺酮类(如氧氟沙星、环丙沙星、左氧氟沙星、芦氟沙星、培氟沙星、洛美沙星和莫西沙星等)

四环素类(多西环素、米诺环素、四环素)

β-内酰胺类(哌拉西林、头孢替安、头孢替坦、头孢唑肟、头孢哌酮、头孢吡肟、头孢匹罗、头孢拉宗钠、氨曲南)

四、胆汁中抗菌药物的分布情况

1、胆汁中浓度较高的抗菌药物:

利福平

四环素类(四环素、多西环素、米诺环素、替加环素)

大环内酯类(红霉素、琥乙红霉素、阿奇霉素、地红霉素、克拉霉素)

林可霉素类(林可霉素、克林霉素)

硝基咪唑类(甲硝唑、替硝唑、奥硝唑)

抗真菌类(伊曲康唑、卡泊芬净、米卡芬净)

β-内酰胺类(美洛西林、哌拉西林、阿莫西林、氨苄西林、头孢氨苄、头孢硫脒、头孢替安、头孢孟多、头孢美唑、头孢克肟、头孢唑南、头孢曲松、头孢哌酮、头孢匹胺、头孢米诺、氟氧头孢、拉氧头孢、氨曲南)

喹诺酮类(吡哌酸、氧氟沙星、氟罗沙星、洛美沙星、司帕沙星、环丙沙星、吉米沙星、莫西沙星)

2、胆汁中可达有效浓度的抗菌药物:

磷霉素

喹诺酮类(诺氟沙星、左氧氟沙星、氟罗沙星)

β-内酰胺类(头孢西丁、头孢替坦、头孢呋辛、头孢他啶、头孢唑肟、头孢噻肟、头孢吡肟、头孢匹罗、头孢拉宗钠、厄他培南、帕尼培南、亚胺培南)

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    2018-05-12 lhlxtx
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2034482, encodeId=f9c8203448288, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=07b8e7668b8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#组织器官#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=77668, encryptionId=07b8e7668b8, topicName=组织器官)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8942242, createdName=jj000001, createdTime=Sat Dec 29 08:50:00 CST 2018, time=2018-12-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1330722, encodeId=327b1330e22e7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c6b455688d1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抗菌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=55688, encryptionId=c6b455688d1, topicName=抗菌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdqq.qlogo.cn/qqapp/1103841572/2898B09F0DA89357D0D54A725E611AC7/100, createdBy=fdd32500040, createdName=ms7899726347904398, createdTime=Sat May 12 13:50:00 CST 2018, time=2018-05-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1373073, encodeId=7dc213e307372, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb2555e176c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抗菌药#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=55717, encryptionId=eb2555e176c, topicName=抗菌药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7e12358, createdName=lhlxtx, createdTime=Sat May 12 13:50:00 CST 2018, time=2018-05-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=314202, encodeId=3a73314202fd, content=非常有用.谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/PiajxSqBRaELCAs1uRBgDoWqJaBltta2Y7fTibyM6wYf94osSMg5CCm9oy7JrdcXPqh1DrCdn5IxO4BE8ZLEiaQXQ/0, createdBy=978a1675334, createdName=xiaogan8479, createdTime=Fri May 11 20:19:19 CST 2018, time=2018-05-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=314033, encodeId=1dc531403315, content=好文献学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b5a62240667, createdName=张新亮1853311252142e2fm, createdTime=Fri May 11 07:04:02 CST 2018, time=2018-05-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=314003, encodeId=aa4931400387, content=谢谢啦, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/03/18/9fba4e8a3782366829a5645367fdb658.jpg, createdBy=b5732293938, createdName=青山颖钰, createdTime=Fri May 11 06:31:34 CST 2018, time=2018-05-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=313925, encodeId=67a53139253e, content=学习了.谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/10/23/557c1f19aaf5459a8405411e38903c4b.jpg, createdBy=dfc02088287, createdName=cscdliu, createdTime=Thu May 10 23:02:15 CST 2018, time=2018-05-10, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-05-11 xiaogan8479

    非常有用.谢谢分享

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2034482, encodeId=f9c8203448288, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=07b8e7668b8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#组织器官#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=77668, encryptionId=07b8e7668b8, topicName=组织器官)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8942242, createdName=jj000001, createdTime=Sat Dec 29 08:50:00 CST 2018, time=2018-12-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1330722, encodeId=327b1330e22e7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c6b455688d1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抗菌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=55688, encryptionId=c6b455688d1, topicName=抗菌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdqq.qlogo.cn/qqapp/1103841572/2898B09F0DA89357D0D54A725E611AC7/100, createdBy=fdd32500040, createdName=ms7899726347904398, createdTime=Sat May 12 13:50:00 CST 2018, time=2018-05-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1373073, encodeId=7dc213e307372, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb2555e176c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抗菌药#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=55717, encryptionId=eb2555e176c, topicName=抗菌药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7e12358, createdName=lhlxtx, createdTime=Sat May 12 13:50:00 CST 2018, time=2018-05-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=314202, encodeId=3a73314202fd, content=非常有用.谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/PiajxSqBRaELCAs1uRBgDoWqJaBltta2Y7fTibyM6wYf94osSMg5CCm9oy7JrdcXPqh1DrCdn5IxO4BE8ZLEiaQXQ/0, createdBy=978a1675334, createdName=xiaogan8479, createdTime=Fri May 11 20:19:19 CST 2018, time=2018-05-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=314033, encodeId=1dc531403315, content=好文献学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b5a62240667, createdName=张新亮1853311252142e2fm, createdTime=Fri May 11 07:04:02 CST 2018, time=2018-05-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=314003, encodeId=aa4931400387, content=谢谢啦, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/03/18/9fba4e8a3782366829a5645367fdb658.jpg, createdBy=b5732293938, createdName=青山颖钰, createdTime=Fri May 11 06:31:34 CST 2018, time=2018-05-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=313925, encodeId=67a53139253e, content=学习了.谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/10/23/557c1f19aaf5459a8405411e38903c4b.jpg, createdBy=dfc02088287, createdName=cscdliu, createdTime=Thu May 10 23:02:15 CST 2018, time=2018-05-10, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-05-11 张新亮1853311252142e2fm

    好文献学习了

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2034482, encodeId=f9c8203448288, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=07b8e7668b8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#组织器官#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=77668, encryptionId=07b8e7668b8, topicName=组织器官)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8942242, createdName=jj000001, createdTime=Sat Dec 29 08:50:00 CST 2018, time=2018-12-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1330722, encodeId=327b1330e22e7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c6b455688d1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抗菌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=55688, encryptionId=c6b455688d1, topicName=抗菌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdqq.qlogo.cn/qqapp/1103841572/2898B09F0DA89357D0D54A725E611AC7/100, createdBy=fdd32500040, createdName=ms7899726347904398, createdTime=Sat May 12 13:50:00 CST 2018, time=2018-05-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1373073, encodeId=7dc213e307372, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb2555e176c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抗菌药#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=55717, encryptionId=eb2555e176c, topicName=抗菌药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7e12358, createdName=lhlxtx, createdTime=Sat May 12 13:50:00 CST 2018, time=2018-05-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=314202, encodeId=3a73314202fd, content=非常有用.谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/PiajxSqBRaELCAs1uRBgDoWqJaBltta2Y7fTibyM6wYf94osSMg5CCm9oy7JrdcXPqh1DrCdn5IxO4BE8ZLEiaQXQ/0, createdBy=978a1675334, createdName=xiaogan8479, createdTime=Fri May 11 20:19:19 CST 2018, time=2018-05-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=314033, encodeId=1dc531403315, content=好文献学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b5a62240667, createdName=张新亮1853311252142e2fm, createdTime=Fri May 11 07:04:02 CST 2018, time=2018-05-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=314003, encodeId=aa4931400387, content=谢谢啦, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/03/18/9fba4e8a3782366829a5645367fdb658.jpg, createdBy=b5732293938, createdName=青山颖钰, createdTime=Fri May 11 06:31:34 CST 2018, time=2018-05-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=313925, encodeId=67a53139253e, content=学习了.谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/10/23/557c1f19aaf5459a8405411e38903c4b.jpg, createdBy=dfc02088287, createdName=cscdliu, createdTime=Thu May 10 23:02:15 CST 2018, time=2018-05-10, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-05-11 青山颖钰

    谢谢啦

    0

  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2034482, encodeId=f9c8203448288, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=07b8e7668b8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#组织器官#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=77668, encryptionId=07b8e7668b8, topicName=组织器官)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8942242, createdName=jj000001, createdTime=Sat Dec 29 08:50:00 CST 2018, time=2018-12-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1330722, encodeId=327b1330e22e7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c6b455688d1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抗菌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=55688, encryptionId=c6b455688d1, topicName=抗菌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdqq.qlogo.cn/qqapp/1103841572/2898B09F0DA89357D0D54A725E611AC7/100, createdBy=fdd32500040, createdName=ms7899726347904398, createdTime=Sat May 12 13:50:00 CST 2018, time=2018-05-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1373073, encodeId=7dc213e307372, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb2555e176c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抗菌药#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=55717, encryptionId=eb2555e176c, topicName=抗菌药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7e12358, createdName=lhlxtx, createdTime=Sat May 12 13:50:00 CST 2018, time=2018-05-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=314202, encodeId=3a73314202fd, content=非常有用.谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/PiajxSqBRaELCAs1uRBgDoWqJaBltta2Y7fTibyM6wYf94osSMg5CCm9oy7JrdcXPqh1DrCdn5IxO4BE8ZLEiaQXQ/0, createdBy=978a1675334, createdName=xiaogan8479, createdTime=Fri May 11 20:19:19 CST 2018, time=2018-05-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=314033, encodeId=1dc531403315, content=好文献学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b5a62240667, createdName=张新亮1853311252142e2fm, createdTime=Fri May 11 07:04:02 CST 2018, time=2018-05-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=314003, encodeId=aa4931400387, content=谢谢啦, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/03/18/9fba4e8a3782366829a5645367fdb658.jpg, createdBy=b5732293938, createdName=青山颖钰, createdTime=Fri May 11 06:31:34 CST 2018, time=2018-05-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=313925, encodeId=67a53139253e, content=学习了.谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/10/23/557c1f19aaf5459a8405411e38903c4b.jpg, createdBy=dfc02088287, createdName=cscdliu, createdTime=Thu May 10 23:02:15 CST 2018, time=2018-05-10, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-05-10 cscdliu

    学习了.谢谢

    0

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