为什么没有受伤也会损伤半月板?

2016-12-19 DCN 骨事汇

半月板损伤最容易发生在两种人身上:一是喜欢运动的年轻人;二是膝关节退化的中老年人。很多年轻人喜欢运动,运动量比较大,但是有些人对运动防护和运动技巧掌握的不是很好,这样就常常会产生半月板损伤的情况。比如:当膝关节产生快速扭动、大力踢球踢空、蹲下行走、跑步中被绊倒等动作时,就非常容易产生半月板急性损伤;另外,有一些中老年人,即使平时运动量不是很大,也没有明显的外伤史,也会出现半月板损伤,这是什么原因呢

半月板损伤最容易发生在两种人身上:一是喜欢运动的年轻人;二是膝关节退化的中老年人。



很多年轻人喜欢运动,运动量比较大,但是有些人对运动防护和运动技巧掌握的不是很好,这样就常常会产生半月板损伤的情况。比如:当膝关节产生快速扭动、大力踢球踢空、蹲下行走、跑步中被绊倒等动作时,就非常容易产生半月板急性损伤;另外,有一些中老年人,即使平时运动量不是很大,也没有明显的外伤史,也会出现半月板损伤,这是什么原因呢?

其实这就和中老年人半月板的慢性退行性改变有关了,也就是说半月板不仅会因为一次急性的比较严重的扭伤而破损,也会因为长期的慢性劳损而出现损伤。一般这种慢性的损伤多见于内侧半月板后角处的损伤。



有人可能会问,为什么不是所有的中老年人都出现半月板损伤?而是一部分老年人会出现呢?这其中大概有这几种原因。

1.天生就是盘状半月板。


这属于一种先天的半月板发育不正常状态。众所周知,半月板是半圆形,但是偏偏有一些人的半月板是圆形的,所以称作盘状半月板,这种人的半月板就非常容易提前出现问题。



2.年轻时活动量较大。

有些人在年轻时重体力劳动做的比较多,或者年轻时运动量比较大,这都会导致半月板比其他人要磨损的多一些,随着年龄的增长,半月板就会提前出现损伤。

3.平时姿势不良。

有些半月板慢性损伤的人,很多人可能会有跪着拖地、喜欢坐矮板凳的习惯。这些动作会让半月板承受的压力非常大,从而出现半月板的提前退化。


4.之前膝关节受过外伤。

有些半月板出现慢性损伤的患者,之前会有膝关节的外伤史。比如很早之前的一次骨折、一次关节扭伤,都可能导致关节的力学平衡发生改变,从而导致半月板非正常的受力,从而出现提前的破损。



应该如何保护半月板?

1.科学的锻炼方式:

老年人不能不锻炼,也不能锻炼过度。长期不锻炼会使腿部的肌肉萎缩,膝关节没有了强壮的肌肉把持,就会变得不稳定,从而加重半月板的损伤几率。而这里所说的锻炼过度,一是指运动的量比较大,二是指运动的方式太过剧烈。老人毕竟身体不同于年轻人了,没有必要非得达到年轻人的运动量和强度,选择一些比如散步、游泳这些比较稳妥、安全的锻炼方式是比较适宜的,同时要尽量避免诸如爬山、打球等剧烈的体育活动。

2.加强膝关节周围肌肉锻炼

膝关节周围肌肉群有助于增加膝关节的稳定性,稳定的膝关节能够减少半月板的磨损。比较适合老年人群的动作是可以在凳子上或是床上做直腿抬高锻炼,也可以练习静蹲。这类运动比较符合老年人群的生理特点,也较为安全。

3.避免各类容易导致半月板磨损的动作

例如深蹲、下蹲行走、过度屈曲膝关节、上下楼梯等动作。生活中避免长时间行走及站立等动作,行走及运动中避免膝关节快速扭转等动作。适当使用各类护具及扶手有助于避免半月板损伤。

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    2016-12-30 1e0d99ddm02(暂无匿称)

    以前不知道!现在了解一下!

    0

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    2016-12-29 1e0d99ddm02(暂无匿称)

    分享一下!了解了解!

    0

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    2016-12-20 fengyqf

    谢谢小编

    0

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    2016-12-20 jihuaijun1112

    受教了。。。。

    0

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    2016-12-19 知难而进

    学习了!!!!!!!

    0

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BMJ:治疗半月板撕裂,运动和手术一样有效

当人们膝盖受伤时,往往会出现膝关节疼痛,这对人们而言是十分痛苦的。膝盖是机体非常复杂的重要组成部分,因此,为了减轻疼痛并改善膝盖血流及恢复膝关节功能,许多人选择接受膝盖手术。但是新近研究表明,人们膝关节受伤后并不应将手术作为首要选择,规律有效运动也可达到手术效果。该研究结果发表在BMJ。 这项研究由丹麦和挪威的研究人员共同进行,他们发现,对半月板撕裂患者患者,运动具有和手术相似的减轻疼痛、改善血流

NEJM:关节镜半月板成形术治疗退变性半月板撕裂无效

先回顾一下这些年国际著名医学期刊新英格兰医学杂志(NEJM)的系列报道。 10年前,NEJM提出,膝关节镜下关节冲洗清理术治疗作用有限(diggs)(详见A controlled trial of arthroscopic surgery for osteoarthritis of the knee.),文章认为膝关节骨关节炎,无论关节镜下的关节冲洗手术还是关节清理手

AAOS 2013:超声诊断半月板病变准确性超过MRI

 在2013年美国骨科医师学会年会(AAOS)上,来自美国的一项研究报告表明,超声是诊断半月板病变的一个有用工具,其潜在优势超过核磁共振成像(MRI)。   美国密苏里大学James L. Cook博士报告称,MRI通常被认为是半月板异常的金标准诊断显像模式,但它价格昂贵、不易获得大量患者,而且误诊率可达20%。   “超声检查可能是诊断半月板病变的一种有效工具,其潜在性克

NEJM:手术与物理疗法治疗半月板撕裂和骨关节炎效果相似

对于有一个半月板撕裂和膝骨关节炎的、有症状的患者,目前还无法确定进行关节镜下的部分半月板切除术是否较非手术治疗可以获得更佳的功能转归。美国波士顿市布里格姆和妇女医院的Jeffrey N. Katz博士等人的研究结果显示,在意向治疗分析结果中未发现两个研究组在随机化后6个月时的功能改善方面存在显著差异,但在6个月中,30%的分配到单纯物理疗法组的患者接受了手术治疗。研究结果发表于2013年5月最新一