JAMA:成人阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停的治疗现状

2017-01-29 MedSci MedSci原创

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(OSA)与许多不利的健康结果有关。近期,一项发表在JAMA杂志上的研究回顾了初级保健相关证据,筛查成人的OSA,测试准确性和OSA的治疗。此项研究的数据来源为MEDLINE、Cochrane图书馆、EMBASE、直至2015年10月相关的试验注册、参考文献和专家以及直至2016年10月5日检索的文献。研究筛选:英语随机临床试验(RCT);评估筛查问卷或预测工具的准确性的研究,便

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(OSA)与许多不利的健康结果有关。


近期,一项发表在JAMA杂志上的研究回顾了初级保健相关证据,筛查成人的OSA,测试准确性和OSA的治疗。

此项研究的数据来源为MEDLINE、Cochrane图书馆、EMBASE、直至2015年10月相关的试验注册、参考文献和专家以及直至2016年10月5日检索的文献。

研究筛选:英语随机临床试验(RCT);评估筛查问卷或预测工具的准确性的研究,便携式监测器的诊断准确性,或呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)与社区参与者的健康结果之间的关联。

由两名研究者独立审查了摘要和全文文章。当有多个相似的研究时,进行随机效应荟萃分析。
主要结果为灵敏度、特异性、曲线下面积(AUC)、AHI、Epworth睡眠量表(ESS)评分、血压、死亡率、心血管事件、机动车事故、生活质量和伤害。

此项研究共纳入110项研究(N=46188)。在2项研究中(n=702),家庭便携式监测器检测多发性窒息预测评分以检测严重OSA综合征(AHI≥30和ESS评分>10)的筛查准确度分别为AUC 0.80(95%CI,0.78至0.82)和0.83(95%CI,0.77至0.90),但研究存在过度抽样高风险患者和OSA及OSA综合征。

Meta分析发现,与对照组相比,持续气道正压通气(CPAP)与AHI(加权平均差[WMD],-33.8 [95%CI,-42.0至-25.6])13项试验,543名参与者);由ESS评分评估的过度嗜睡(WMD,-2.0 [95%CI,-2.6至-1.4];22项试验,2721名参与者);昼夜收缩压(WMD,-2.4点[95%CI,-3.9至-0.9];15项试验,1190名参与者)和日间舒张压(WMD,-1.3点[95%CI,-2.2至-0.4];15项试验,1190参与者)的降低均显着相关。

CPAP与睡眠相关生活质量的适度改善相关(Cohen d,0.28 [95%CI,0.14至0.42];13项试验,2325参与者)。

下颌前移装置(MADs)和减肥计划也与AHI减少和过度嗜睡有关。 CPAP和MAD的常见不良反应包括口腔或鼻腔干燥、刺激和疼痛等。在队列研究中,AHI与全因死亡率之间存在一致的关联。

此项研究得出结论:所有潜在筛选工具的准确性或临床效用存在不确定性。OSA的多种治疗方法降低AHI、ESS评分和血压。CPAP和其他治疗没有确定治疗是否降低死亡率或改善大多数其他健康结果,除了适度改善睡眠相关的生活质量。

原始出处:
Jonas DE, Amick HR, Feltner C, et al. Screening for Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Adults: Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA. 2017 Jan 24;317(4):415-433. doi: 10.1001/jama.2016.19635.

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    2017-07-04 tomyang96
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既往研究表明,阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(OSA)患者患青光眼的几率增加。然而,大多数人并不知道二者的具体关系。本研究旨在通过使用荟萃分析来确定阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合症是否与青光眼有关。

Hypertension:阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停患者白天被动睡眠也容易发生高血压

由此可见,OSA患者白天被动睡眠也与高血压相关。

CHEST:儿童扁桃体切除后阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停得到缓解?

扁桃体切除术(AT)是治疗儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS)常见的方法,但很少有人知道没有治疗的预后。儿童扁桃体切除术试验(CHAT)随机分配合50%的符合条件的OSAS儿童患者作为对照组(观察等待),并进行7个月的症状随访,身体检查和多导睡眠监测。多导睡眠图及对症解决由呼吸暂停/低通气指数(AHI)<2和阻塞性呼吸暂停指数(OAI)<1,以及OSAS症状评分分别定义(小儿睡眠问

CHEST:OSA或重叠综合征患者接受择期非心脏手术应首先识别高碳酸血症

在OSA患者中,伴有肥胖低通气综合征(OHS)患者比只患有OSA的患者会发生较多的合并症。OHS可能会造成择期非心脏手术(NCS)后的术后并发症的风险较高,通常在手术时是无法识别的。本研究的目的是回顾性识别OHS患者,并与那些只患有OSA的患者比较他们的手术后的结果。在一个大型队列OSA得患者符合OHS标准的患者在一家大型三级医疗中心接受择期NCS。研究人员确定了OSA和OHS以及OHS的临床决定

AJRCCM:持续气道正压通气可改善伴阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停的2型糖尿病患者的血糖控制

据发表于American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine的一项研究显示,对于血压难以控制的伴阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停的2型糖尿病患者来说,持续气道正压通气治疗6个月可明显改善患者的血糖控制和胰岛素抵抗状况。