JMD:长片段PCR和下一代测序技术更快、更**检测乳腺癌BRCA基因突变

2012-08-20 sjtuwalker 丁香园

BRCA1和BRCA2基因突变的个体与无突变者相比发展成为乳腺癌和卵巢癌的风险大大升高。高风险的家庭根据他们变异携带者的状态要求进行基因检测和咨询,但是直接测序的标准方法既费人力又成本高昂,并且只是检测BRCA1和BRCA2基因的一部分。一组加拿大的科学家已经开发了一种新的测序方法,该方法可以更有效的对BRCA1/2基因突变进行分析。他们的研究发表在9月份出版的《分子诊断学》杂志上。加拿大多伦多安

BRCA1和BRCA2基因突变的个体与无突变者相比发展成为乳腺癌和卵巢癌的风险大大升高。高风险的家庭根据他们变异携带者的状态要求进行基因检测和咨询,但是直接测序的标准方法既费人力又成本高昂,并且只是检测BRCA1和BRCA2基因的一部分。一组加拿大的科学家已经开发了一种新的测序方法,该方法可以更有效的对BRCA1/2基因突变进行分析。他们的研究发表在9月份出版的《分子诊断学》杂志上。

加拿大多伦多安大略省、西奈山医院、 Samuel Lunenfeld 研究所、 Fred A. Litwin癌症遗传学中心的首席研究员Hilmi Ozcelik博士说:“对BRCA1/2基因型的全面了解以及肿瘤表型之间的联系对建立靶向治疗是必要的。”“近期的研究表明:某些化学抑制剂对BRCA1/2基因突变的乳腺癌患者治疗是有效的。因此,全新的、能够支付起的、全面的筛选这种突变基因的技术对确定哪些病人能够进行靶向治疗十分重要。

研究人员使用一种称为长片段PCR扩增的技术扩增BRCA1/2基因的片段,称之为扩增子,这些片段来自12个家族性乳腺癌患者的DNA。这些扩增子通过深度测序的方法筛选,也称为下一代测序(NGS),这种方法允许对百万计的DNA分子同时筛选,从而大大提高了速度和通量。而传统的方法只针对外显子的BRCA1/2基因,深度测序的方法筛选整个基因组区域,包括内含子和非编码区。标本之前已经用传统的方法进行分析,允许进行结果的比较。

此外由于人为错误可能错失对一个遗传变异的确定,但是,新方法成功地确定预期的BRCA1/2的变种。他们同时确定了两个外显子和外显子/内含子边界的变种。这种检测花费很少并且检验周转期只有12天。“长片段PCR扩增的技术的关键优势之一是能够直观地检测大量基因的重复、缺失和插入。”Ozcelik博士指出。“当和下一代测序结合时,长片段PCR扩增的技术在临床中检测BRCA基因变异的应用中将会成为一个强大的工具。我们的方法证实了对变种的检测具有很高的精确度并且没有假阳性的结果。

无论是经常出现还是并不多见的,长片段PCR技术和下一代测序确定了范围广泛的BRCA1/2内含子剪接体的单独出现或组合可能对BRCA1/2基因功能的影响。Ozcelik博士指出:尽管样本量小,但是数据显示家族性乳腺癌患者确定的变种的数量、类型、频率的变化很大。

Ozcelik博士说:“我们现在最大的挑战是建立系统地研究这种更全面的数据的分析方法,以此为临床疾病的管理提供更好的风险信息。”“由于从每个病人身上获得的遗传信息的层次非常广泛,可以建立乳腺癌患者和对照人群之间比较的档案,以此产生一个更有效的针对个人和其家庭和BRCA1/2有关的风险指数。

链接:

Hernan I, Borràs E, de Sousa Dias M, Gamundi MJ, Mañé B, Llort G, Agúndez JA, Blanca M, Carballo M.Detection of genomic variations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes by long-range PCR and next-generation sequencing.J Mol Diagn. 2012 May-Jun;14(3):286-93

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    2012-08-22 Tommy1950
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