老年颅骨海绵状血管瘤3例

2018-06-03 张忠华 刘聪 李蕴潜 中国老年学

女性患者,62岁,头体检时发现头部异常信号,病变较小,至当地放疗科放疗1个月后手术。

病例1

【一般资料】

女性患者,62岁,

【现病史】

头体检时发现头部异常信号,病变较小,至当地放疗科放疗1个月后手术。

【体格检查】

神志清楚,四肢活动正常,触头部无明显包块,无压痛,局部无红肿。

【治疗】

行手术切除同时Ⅰ期钛网修补术,术后随访患者12个月,恢复良好。

病例2

【一般资料】

女性患者,60岁

【主诉】

因左额颞部间歇性头痛4年入院。

【体格检查】

神志清楚,四肢活动正常,触头部无明显包块,无压痛,局部无红肿。

【辅助检查】

头部CT左侧额颞部见骨质内见条片状低密度影,CT值约120HU;磁共振成像(MRI)检查:左侧额颞部斑片状稍短T1、稍长T2异常信号。

【治疗】

行手术切除同时Ⅰ期钛网修补术,术后随访患者6个月,恢复良好。

病例3

【一般资料】

女性患者

【主诉】

因后枕部头痛3个月入院。

【辅助检查】

行头部CT显示枕骨异常信号,

【体格检查】

神志清楚,四肢活动正常,触头部无明显包块,轻微压痛,局部无红肿。

【治疗】

行手术切除同时Ⅰ期钛网修补术,术后随访患者8个月,恢复良好。结果3例老年患者术后恢复良好,均未出现严重手术并发症,术后随访6~12月,至今情况良好无复发。

【讨论】

骨瘤是一种很常见的疾病,多见于50岁左右的中年人,男女比例约为1∶1.5,常见于脊柱,其次是颅骨。海绵状血管瘤是骨瘤的一种,占据骨瘤的0.7%~1%,因此老年颅骨海绵状血管瘤非常少见,仅占骨瘤的0.2%。Toynbee在1845年第一次报道了颅骨海绵状血管瘤。随着时间的推进,颅骨海绵状血管瘤的报道也越来越多,位置也不同。颅骨海绵状血管瘤多为扩张的血窦内壁覆盖内皮细胞,窦之间有疏松不等的纤维组织,颅骨海绵状血管瘤分为扁平型和球型,本例属球型。颅骨海绵状血管瘤主要由颈外动脉分支供血,以脑膜中动脉、颞浅动脉为主。大多数颅骨海绵状血管瘤患者都无症状,少数表现病灶疼痛或触及肿块,也有部分患者出现神经症状,如面麻,听力丧失等,其原因可能与发病位置有关。通常颅骨海绵状血管瘤发生在50~60岁左右人群中,女性患者多于男性,顶骨海绵状血管瘤比额、颞部的多,而且大多数情况都是单发病灶,但多发颅骨海绵状血管瘤也有报道。另外Sasagawa等在2009年也报道了1例。颅骨海绵状血管瘤通常可侵蚀外板,虽然肿瘤存在进一步和潜在性侵蚀因素,患者骨头内板基本保持完整。典型的颅骨海绵状血管瘤的影像学表现是有硬化边的骨质溶解,也就是蜂窝状或阳光散射状,大部分病例中缺少这种影响特征,因此颅骨海绵状血管瘤很容易错误诊断为骨髓病、皮样肿瘤、巨大骨瘤或者转移癌。因此颅骨海绵状血管瘤的明确诊断应建立在病理结果的基础上。颅骨海绵状血管瘤术前很难明确诊断,发病机制也不是特别清晰。根据相关文献介绍,颅骨海绵状血管瘤可能与遗传相关联,为第7条染色体长臂上的KRI11基因突变导致,该基因编码一种与肿瘤抑制基因有协同作用的蛋白质。颅骨海绵状血管瘤在老年人中是一种罕见的良性骨瘤。由于颅骨海绵状血管瘤的临床症状不明显,尤其老年人全身感觉减弱,因此老年患者前期很少得到相应治疗。Moore等在2001年就指出其手术指征为:压力效应解除,控制出血,审美改善。如果肿瘤巨大或手术部位太苛刻,可选择保守治疗,必要时可进行放化疗,尤其对于身体状况差的老年人,可考虑保守治疗。由于老年人颅骨海绵状血管瘤术前很难明确诊断,因此化疗治疗比较少见。外科手术是最常用的办法,同时也是获取病理的根本途径,该疗法可最终确诊且术后复发很少见。本组3例治疗后恢复良好,尽管因为病例少不能得出有统计学意义的结论,但是结合文献至少可以认为:早期诊断和合理的治疗能取得较好的疗效,在治疗后密切随访可提高患者生活质量。

原始出处:

张忠华, 刘聪, 李蕴潜. 老年颅骨海绵状血管瘤3例并文献回顾[J]. 中国老年学, 2017, 37(8).

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    2018-06-05 cooco
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    2018-06-03 131****1460

    学习了受益匪浅

    0

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    2018-06-03 flysky120

    学习脑血管瘤的知识了谢谢

    0

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