Elife:对尼古丁上瘾的新发现

2015-12-06 QQduhq 译 MedSci原创

尽管民众的吸烟率下降,但仍有一些人继续吸烟,因此,进一步深入研究民众吸烟成瘾性仍十分必要。人们发现戒烟困难的一个原因是烟民每次看到香烟都会出现渴望的感觉,并且缓解易怒和焦虑情绪。

尽管民众的吸烟率下降,但仍有一些人继续吸烟,因此,进一步深入研究民众吸烟成瘾性仍十分必要。研究人员发现戒烟困难的一个原因是烟民每次看到香烟都会出现渴望的感觉,并且可以缓解易怒和焦虑情绪。 


普遍认为,乙酰胆碱和谷氨酸这两种神经递质会导致民众出现尼古丁依赖性,但其中具体的分子作用机制尚不清楚。
 
大脑的神经递质通过囊泡进行传递。接受某些信号之后,神经元释放相关神经递质到囊泡,并进一步传递给下一个神经元。神经元可以通过重吸收进行神经递质再摄取,这一过程使它们有效控制神经递质的含量。

不要小看神经递质的力量,哪怕情绪的小失落或小抑郁都会使大脑释放神经递质并影响人们的行为。

纽约洛克菲勒大学的Ines Ibanez-Tallon和他的同事们得知乙酰胆碱和谷氨酸在松果体缰的神经元中发挥了重要作用,但他们并不知道是如何相互作用的促使机体日渐上瘾的。 

研究人员创建了一个老鼠模型,并去除了一个与乙酰胆碱合成密切相关的重要基因,因此,松果体缰的乙酰胆碱合成减少。消除松果体缰的乙酰胆碱,使得谷氨酸的合成减少,主要源于两个原因:1.释放谷氨酸的神经元的数量减少;2.谷氨酸再摄取的囊泡受损使得谷氨酸再摄取减少。这些都影响神经元的兴奋性。
 
基于这些发现,研究人员认为,乙酰胆碱调节谷氨酸的释放剂量和频率,同时还促使谷氨酸进入囊泡进行传递。

之后研究人员为剔除乙酰胆碱基因的小鼠接触尼古丁,它们并未出现上瘾症状和戒断表现(如搔抓等)。因此,如果没有乙酰胆碱,人们便不会对尼古丁上瘾。

此外,研究人员还发现,大脑回路与尼古丁上瘾有关。他们表示,还需进行更进一步的研究以探究乙酰胆碱和谷氨酸如何在大脑的其他区域产生作用。

原始出处:

Frahm S, Antolin-Fontes B,et al.An essential role of acetylcholine-glutamate synergy at habenular synapses in nicotine dependence.Elife. 2015 Dec 1;4. pii: e11396. 


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    2016-05-20 膀胱癌
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    2016-01-28 clmlylxy
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    2015-12-27 hixiaoluo

    好文章,值得收藏

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1972948, encodeId=db0c19e294818, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=72d566e3a6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#eLife#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=6673, encryptionId=72d566e3a6, topicName=eLife)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdqq.qlogo.cn/qqapp/1103841572/C2EFD5CFB07FE291138AD4FD0C98E3DE/100, createdBy=e3d52500031, createdName=膀胱癌, createdTime=Fri May 20 22:24:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2068446, encodeId=5e2a206844685, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=59371088215' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Life#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10882, encryptionId=59371088215, topicName=Life)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fc8528, createdName=clmlylxy, createdTime=Thu Jan 28 20:24:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1649654, encodeId=84df1649654ae, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=411d20003f3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#上瘾#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=20003, encryptionId=411d20003f3, topicName=上瘾)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=1a6523894616, createdName=wangyang7966, createdTime=Sat Jan 16 00:24:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1921123, encodeId=5ae2192112300, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6bfa58133ef' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新发现#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58133, encryptionId=6bfa58133ef, topicName=新发现)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=644e456, createdName=vera_1203, createdTime=Wed Feb 24 13:24:00 CST 2016, time=2016-02-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=48867, encodeId=5df84886ebd, content=好文章,值得收藏, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=128, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=bc301610909, createdName=hixiaoluo, createdTime=Sun Dec 27 08:24:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=45126, encodeId=e0a5451262d, content=吸烟有害, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=113, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2d331664955, createdName=老段, createdTime=Mon Dec 07 19:16:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-07, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-12-07 老段

    吸烟有害

    0

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