盘点:鼻炎与治疗研究进展

2018-09-25 AlexYang MedSci原创

【1】Curr Med Res Opin:一个大群体的舌下免疫治疗花费研究 在美国人口中,过敏性鼻炎(AR)影响的人数占比了高达40%,每年的医疗花费大约110亿美元。过敏免疫治疗是长期症状缓解的最好的选择,但是治疗依从性低。最近,有研究人员调查了那些接受全部免疫治疗和那些免疫治疗间断患者的舌下免疫治疗(SCIT)相关的花费情况。研究发现,与对照(n=394479)相比,SCIT(n


在美国人口中,过敏性鼻炎(AR)影响的人数占比了高达40%,每年的医疗花费大约110亿美元。过敏免疫治疗是长期症状缓解的最好的选择,但是治疗依从性低。最近,有研究人员调查了那些接受全部免疫治疗和那些免疫治疗间断患者的舌下免疫治疗(SCIT)相关的花费情况。

研究发现,与对照(n=394479)相比,SCIT(n=131493)患者更加年轻(39.3 vs. 41.4 ),并且女性占比较高(56.4% vs. 50.7%)、商业计划占比更高(91.6% vs. 83.6%)(所有p<0.001)。在SCIT患者中,15.1%的患者的免疫治疗是间断的。在所有SCIT患者中,3年的总计划SCIT相关花费支出为205741125美元(其中18%为间断组花费),并且患者支付相关花费为47560450(其中15%为间断组花费)。每位患者每月计划花费为0.48美元,患者为0.11美元;间断免疫治疗患者为计划花费0.09美元,患者为0.02美元。

最后,研究人员指出,他们的研究表明了在SCIT治疗中,有15%的患者可能治疗不是连续的。针对舌下免疫治疗的不连续使用情况,进一步的了解也是需要的。


SQ屋尘螨(HDM)舌下免疫治疗(SLIT)药片治疗在治疗年龄不小于12岁患者的呼吸道过敏性疾病中是有效的。最近,有研究人员调查了上述治疗方法在日本5-17岁患有中度到重度HMD过敏性鼻炎(AR)患者中的效果和安全性。

研究是一个随机、双盲和安慰剂对照实验,458名日本儿童随机分配到治疗组和安慰剂对照组,进行为期1年的治疗和调查。研究的主要结果是治疗结束前8周的总的组合鼻炎得分(TCRS),包括AR症状和药物治疗得分。研究发现,主要结果表明TCRS具有统计学意义的显著减少,其值为1.22,并且与对照组相比相对差异达到23%(95%置信区间,14%到31%)。预定义的分层分析阐释了在儿童(5-11)和青少年(12-17)中的疗效相同,分别为 1.11 (P = 0.002), 21% (8% to 32%) 和1.36 (P = 0.001), 26% (11% to 38%)。同时,该药物在儿童和青少年中具有良好的耐受性。

最后,研究人员指出,他们的试验首次阐释了HDM SLIT药片在中度到重度儿科HMD AR患者中的治疗效果和安全性。


最近,有研究人员系统性的评估了中草药(CHM)治疗儿童过敏性鼻炎的效果。

研究人员在MEDLINE (PubMed)、Embase、Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials、 Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure、the Cqvip Database、和the Wanfang Database等数据库中回顾了相关的研究,并利用Cochrane software Revman 5.3进行了相关分析。研究总共包括了19个随机、对照试验。元分析表明,与对照相比,CHM在疗效(风险比(OR) 3.32; 95% 置信区间[CI], 2.32-4.76)、复发率(OR 0.30; 95% CI, 0.18-0.49);以及症状得分,比如打喷嚏(平均差(MD)-1.24; 95% CI, -2.33 到-0.14)、流鼻涕(MD -1.32; 95% CI, -2.58到-0.05)和鼻塞(MD -0.70; 95% CI, -1.05到-0.36)方面具有治疗优势,但是在鼻痒(MD -1.37; 95% CI, -3.96 到1.22)方面则效果不明显。CHM同样能够有效的减少免疫球蛋白E((MD -46.01, 95% CI, -57.53到-34.48)的水平。

最后,研究人员指出,目前的证据表明CHM在儿童过敏性鼻炎治疗方面是有效的。CHM同样能够减少复发和免疫球蛋白E的水平,从而改善诸如打喷嚏、流鼻涕和鼻塞等症状。


在季节过敏性鼻炎中,能够支持花粉季节开始之前进行预防性治疗的证据仍旧很少。最近,有研究人员进行了一项研究,调查了孟鲁司特对季节过敏性鼻炎预防治疗的效果,并且评估了对下呼吸道炎症情况的影响。

研究群体包括了57名成年人,并被随机分配到了预防性治疗组和对照组。预防性治疗组包括了31名患者(10名男性和21名女性,年龄在18到54岁之间(平均年龄为36.9岁))。预防性治疗组接受孟鲁司特治疗,在柏树花粉季节之前2周开始,一直到花粉季节结束。对照组包括耳聋26名患者,11名男性和15名女性,年龄在24到63岁(均值:39.2岁)。对照组只在花粉季节进行孟鲁司特治疗。研究发现,在花粉季节,平均每日抢救药物得分在预防性治疗组要显著更低(3.22 vs. 3.89; p = 0.001)。然而,2个组的平均鼻结膜炎症状的得分并没有统计学差异。同时,在预防治疗组中,呼出一氧化氮的量要比对照组更低,但是仍旧没有显著性(29.8 vs. 42.1 ppb; p = 0.189)。

最后,研究人员指出,在柏树花粉季节前2周开始进行孟鲁司特预防性治疗在花粉季节时期减少急救药物需要量方面具有明显的效果,并且在由花粉诱导的下呼吸道嗜酸性粒细胞炎症方面具有一定的减轻效果。


小檗碱和辅酶Q10(CoQ10)具有抗炎症和抗氧化特性。最近,有研究人员调查了小檗碱和辅酶Q10对过敏性鼻炎的有益影响。

研究包括了30只斯普拉格-杜勒鼠,并通过卵清蛋白来建立过敏性鼻炎模型。研究人员将小鼠随机分成5个组,并对每个组进行不同的处理,并利用组织病理学免疫组织化学检查对小鼠鼻组织进行了分析。研究发现,在诱导过敏性鼻炎小鼠中,鼻症状得分、血清免疫球蛋白E、IL-4、IL-13、MDA和NO水平均显著增加。小檗碱和辅酶Q10能够显著的抑制这些物质水平的提高。CoQ10与地洛他定在鼻症状评分和生化参数方面,效果相当。在组织病理学检查中,研究人员在过敏性鼻炎组中发现了重度过敏性炎症。在所有处理小组中,组织病理学均有显著的改善,而炎症反应轻微。另外,免疫化学表明了在所有3个处理组中均有显著的改善。CoQ10和小檗碱在抑制过敏性症状方面均有明显的效果。

最后,研究人员指出,小檗碱和辅酶Q10因具有抗氧化和抗炎症作用,可在实验性诱导过敏性鼻炎模型中作为一种治疗方法。


开发能够预测舌下免疫治疗(SLIT)治疗过敏性疾病临床效果的方法是一个非常关键的问题。全唾液作为SLIT治疗中与过敏原提取物首先接触的组分,最近,有研究人员在日本柳杉花粉过敏症中,探究了是否全唾液与SLIT的临床效果相关。

研究人员将血液单核细胞或者单核THP-1细胞培养在含有或者不含油全唾液或者纯唾液的培养基中,并且还包括或者不包括唾液过滤和TLR2和/或TLR4信号的阻断处理。研究发现,单核细胞和THP-1细胞能够产生大量的IL-10来响应全唾液。IL-10的产生在纯唾液和0.2 μm过滤的唾液处理中均显著减少。同时利用多粘菌素B和TL2.1(一种中和的TLR2抗体)处理后也能减少IL-10的产生。通过症状药物评分,研究人员发现在无症状患者中,THP-1细胞对SLIT之前搜集的全唾液响应而产生的IL-10水平评分要比疾病发生时就进行SLIT治疗的患者的全唾液响应评分显著更高。另外,在SLIT治疗后3个月或者花粉传播顶峰季节搜集的唾液并没有观察到上述差异。

最后,研究人员指出,他们的结果解释了为什么舌下治疗绿线在过敏原治疗中是有效的和更可取的。另外,唾液诱导的THP-1细胞产生的IL-10水平可以作为SLIT临床症状缓解的一个预测标记。



当标准剂量的鼻内皮质类固醇(INCS)不能够有效的控制过敏性鼻炎(AR)时,双倍剂量的INCS是可以选择的。最近,有研究人员系统性的评估了双倍剂量的INCS对过敏性鼻炎的影响。

研究人员在MEDLINE和EMBASE中进行文献搜索,筛选出了那些包括双倍剂量INCS和单倍剂量INCS治疗AR患者效果对比的研究。研究发现,总共有12个研究(4166名患者)符合入选标准。其中有5个是儿科研究(1868名患者),5个是成年人研究(1414名患者),2个研究包括了儿童和成年人(884名患者)。在成年人中,双倍剂量的INCS治疗效果得到了支持:总鼻症状得分(标准平均差(SMD)-0.25;95%置信区间(CI),-0.41到-0.08;4个研究;568名患者)和总眼部症状得分(SMD -0.27; 95% CI, -0.52到-0.03; 1个研究; 259名患者)。在儿科患者中的元分析并没有发现在总鼻症状评分上不同组之间的差异(SMD -0.16; 95% CI, -0.40到0.07; 3个研究; 801名患者)。另外,在儿科患者中的眼部症状评分元分析中数据不充足。在不同组之间的副作用事件上没有差异。

最后,研究人员指出,与标准剂量相比,双倍剂量的INCS在成年AR患者中的鼻和眼部症状上具有更好的效果。而在儿科病人群体中,上述效果并没有观察到。另外,副作用事件在单倍剂量和双倍剂量不同组之间没有发现差异。

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    2018-11-21 155TxKf4833

    学习

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=353690, encodeId=00653536909e, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8f252447760, createdName=155TxKf4833, createdTime=Mon Nov 26 09:46:46 CST 2018, time=2018-11-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=353609, encodeId=1c503536090a, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8f252447760, createdName=155TxKf4833, createdTime=Sun Nov 25 09:40:06 CST 2018, time=2018-11-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=353215, encodeId=2b24353215a5, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8f252447760, createdName=155TxKf4833, createdTime=Wed Nov 21 07:04:33 CST 2018, time=2018-11-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=353131, encodeId=660735313198, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=1, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8f252447760, createdName=155TxKf4833, createdTime=Tue Nov 20 08:34:42 CST 2018, time=2018-11-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=353070, encodeId=d0e63530e0f8, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8f252447760, createdName=155TxKf4833, createdTime=Mon Nov 19 17:50:53 CST 2018, time=2018-11-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=351149, encodeId=a5a4351149d2, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8f252447760, createdName=155TxKf4833, createdTime=Thu Nov 01 08:06:16 CST 2018, time=2018-11-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=350252, encodeId=e723350252c8, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8f252447760, createdName=155TxKf4833, createdTime=Tue Oct 23 08:34:13 CST 2018, time=2018-10-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=350048, encodeId=499d35004833, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8f252447760, createdName=155TxKf4833, createdTime=Sun Oct 21 10:13:38 CST 2018, time=2018-10-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=349922, encodeId=3fd13499223c, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8f252447760, createdName=155TxKf4833, createdTime=Sat Oct 20 08:38:07 CST 2018, time=2018-10-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=349798, encodeId=658a349e98b5, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8f252447760, createdName=155TxKf4833, createdTime=Fri Oct 19 07:36:36 CST 2018, time=2018-10-19, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-11-20 155TxKf4833

    学习

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=353690, encodeId=00653536909e, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8f252447760, createdName=155TxKf4833, createdTime=Mon Nov 26 09:46:46 CST 2018, time=2018-11-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=353609, encodeId=1c503536090a, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8f252447760, createdName=155TxKf4833, createdTime=Sun Nov 25 09:40:06 CST 2018, time=2018-11-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=353215, encodeId=2b24353215a5, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8f252447760, createdName=155TxKf4833, createdTime=Wed Nov 21 07:04:33 CST 2018, time=2018-11-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=353131, encodeId=660735313198, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=1, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8f252447760, createdName=155TxKf4833, createdTime=Tue Nov 20 08:34:42 CST 2018, time=2018-11-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=353070, encodeId=d0e63530e0f8, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8f252447760, createdName=155TxKf4833, createdTime=Mon Nov 19 17:50:53 CST 2018, time=2018-11-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=351149, encodeId=a5a4351149d2, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8f252447760, createdName=155TxKf4833, createdTime=Thu Nov 01 08:06:16 CST 2018, time=2018-11-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=350252, encodeId=e723350252c8, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8f252447760, createdName=155TxKf4833, createdTime=Tue Oct 23 08:34:13 CST 2018, time=2018-10-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=350048, encodeId=499d35004833, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8f252447760, createdName=155TxKf4833, createdTime=Sun Oct 21 10:13:38 CST 2018, time=2018-10-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=349922, encodeId=3fd13499223c, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8f252447760, createdName=155TxKf4833, createdTime=Sat Oct 20 08:38:07 CST 2018, time=2018-10-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=349798, encodeId=658a349e98b5, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8f252447760, createdName=155TxKf4833, createdTime=Fri Oct 19 07:36:36 CST 2018, time=2018-10-19, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-11-19 155TxKf4833

    学习

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=353690, encodeId=00653536909e, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8f252447760, createdName=155TxKf4833, createdTime=Mon Nov 26 09:46:46 CST 2018, time=2018-11-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=353609, encodeId=1c503536090a, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8f252447760, createdName=155TxKf4833, createdTime=Sun Nov 25 09:40:06 CST 2018, time=2018-11-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=353215, encodeId=2b24353215a5, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8f252447760, createdName=155TxKf4833, createdTime=Wed Nov 21 07:04:33 CST 2018, time=2018-11-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=353131, encodeId=660735313198, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=1, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8f252447760, createdName=155TxKf4833, createdTime=Tue Nov 20 08:34:42 CST 2018, time=2018-11-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=353070, encodeId=d0e63530e0f8, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8f252447760, createdName=155TxKf4833, createdTime=Mon Nov 19 17:50:53 CST 2018, time=2018-11-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=351149, encodeId=a5a4351149d2, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8f252447760, createdName=155TxKf4833, createdTime=Thu Nov 01 08:06:16 CST 2018, time=2018-11-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=350252, encodeId=e723350252c8, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8f252447760, createdName=155TxKf4833, createdTime=Tue Oct 23 08:34:13 CST 2018, time=2018-10-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=350048, encodeId=499d35004833, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8f252447760, createdName=155TxKf4833, createdTime=Sun Oct 21 10:13:38 CST 2018, time=2018-10-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=349922, encodeId=3fd13499223c, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8f252447760, createdName=155TxKf4833, createdTime=Sat Oct 20 08:38:07 CST 2018, time=2018-10-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=349798, encodeId=658a349e98b5, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8f252447760, createdName=155TxKf4833, createdTime=Fri Oct 19 07:36:36 CST 2018, time=2018-10-19, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-11-01 155TxKf4833

    学习

    0

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    2018-10-23 155TxKf4833

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