Cell Rep:胡新天团队在移植神经干细胞功能整合研究中取得进展

2017-04-27 佚名 昆明动物研究所

长期以来,中枢神经系统的损伤后再生与修复一直是神经科学领域的难题与科学家们致力于研究的焦点。传统观点认为,哺乳动物中枢神经系统的神经元仅产生于胚胎期及出生后不久的一段时间,其后神经元将不再分裂增殖。成年哺乳动物中枢神经系统不能产生新的神经元,再建新的突触联系,导致中枢神经系统损伤后的功能难以恢复。然而,神经干细胞的发现打破了这一传统观念。具有多向分化潜能的干细胞拥有分化成神经元、替代死亡的神经元、

长期以来,中枢神经系统的损伤后再生与修复一直是神经科学领域的难题与科学家们致力于研究的焦点。传统观点认为,哺乳动物中枢神经系统的神经元仅产生于胚胎期及出生后不久的一段时间,其后神经元将不再分裂增殖。成年哺乳动物中枢神经系统不能产生新的神经元,再建新的突触联系,导致中枢神经系统损伤后的功能难以恢复。然而,神经干细胞的发现打破了这一传统观念。具有多向分化潜能的干细胞拥有分化成神经元、替代死亡的神经元、恢复受损神经网络功能的潜能,并因此成为神经退行性疾病和脑损伤替代治疗研究的热点。

现有研究结果表明,移植的神经干细胞能在宿主神经中枢系统中存活,迁移和分化成成熟神经元,且在一定程度上改善神经系统疾病症状。这种脑损伤后功能的修复与改善是移植的神经干细胞分化的神经细胞(神经元或者神经胶质细胞)间接帮助受损的神经系统的修复(如分泌神经营养因子),还是通过分化为成熟神经元在结构和功能上整合入宿主神经系统,替代受损神经元来实现的呢?这是神经干细胞治疗中枢神经系统疾病研究中亟待解决的基础问题,该问题的解决将有助于决定神经干细胞临床应用的策略和前景。

中国科学院昆明动物研究所研究员胡新天及其带领的课题组通过“cut & fill”策略,在猕猴下丘损毁出一个规则的“洞”,直接将神经干细胞移植到“洞”内,这些移植的细胞能够存活并向成熟神经元分化进而形成成熟的突触结构;进一步的研究发现,在给予猕猴声音刺激后,这些新生成的神经元活性显着升高,表现出与刺激相关的活性;最后通过单细胞放电记录进一步验证了这一结果。该研究首次在清醒动物上证明移植神经干细胞分化的神经元与宿主细胞之间形成了功能性突触连接,是神经干细胞分化为神经元并在结构和功能上整合入宿主原有神经网络中的直接证据,为神经系统疾病替代疗法提供基础理论依据。

目前,该研究成果已在线发表在国际学术期刊《细胞-报告》(cell reports)上。昆明动物所博士研究生魏景宽、王文超和翟荣伟为论文的共同第一作者,通讯作者为胡新天和王正波。

该工作在研究过程中得到了科技部“973”计划、中科院战略性先导科技专项(B类)和国家自然科学基金委等相关项目的大力支持。

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    2017-08-04 维他命
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    2017-04-27 胖红

    学习了很多的事情

    0

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