Cell Res:徐彦辉组解析人源ATR-ATRIP结构揭示DNA损伤应答机制

2017-12-26 BioArt BioArt

DNA损伤(DNA damage)是导致基因组不稳定,细胞癌变或凋亡的重要来源。ATR(ataxia-telangiectasia mutated- and Rad3-related)是DNA损伤检查点的关键激酶蛋白,传递损伤信号至效应器的核心蛋白启动修复。因此ATR是抗癌药物设计的重要靶标。ATR的功能研究已经有20余年,但至今都没有人源ATR蛋白的高分辨结构,也限制了人们对ATR发挥功能的理解

DNA损伤(DNA damage)是导致基因组不稳定,细胞癌变或凋亡的重要来源。ATR(ataxia-telangiectasia mutated- and Rad3-related)是DNA损伤检查点的关键激酶蛋白,传递损伤信号至效应器的核心蛋白启动修复。因此ATR是抗癌药物设计的重要靶标。ATR的功能研究已经有20余年,但至今都没有人源ATR蛋白的高分辨结构,也限制了人们对ATR发挥功能的理解。

12月22日,复旦大学徐彦辉课题与清华大学王宏伟、王佳伟课题组合作,在Cell Research杂志上在线发表了题为“Cryo-EM structure of human ATR-ATRIP complex”的研究论文,报道了人源DNA损伤应答关键复合物ATR-ATRIP冷冻电镜结构。

在这项研究中,研究人员成功解析了人源DNA损伤检查点核心激酶复合物ATR-ATRIP整体分辨率为4.7 ?,催化核心分辨率为3.9 ?的冷冻电镜结构(下图),并构建了催化核心的原子模型,为ATR-ATRIP复合物的组装和发挥功能的分子机制提供了重要的结构信息。

ATR-ATRIP复合物的整体结构

该研究成果阐释了ATR-ATRIP的组装方式与ATR的催化反应的分子机制,发现复合物中ATR形成非对称的二体,其柔性很可能与其功能调控密切相关。根据结构信息搭建的ATR与其异性小分子抑制剂VX-970的模型,为酶活性抑制机理提供了理论依据,为未来抗癌药物设计提供了结构基础。结构分析表明ATR呈现开放的催化中心,不存在抑制结构元件阻挡底物进入催化中心,既底物可以自由进出催化中心并发生磷酸化反应。

值得一提的是,不久前中国科学技术大学蔡刚课题组在Science上发表文章报道了酵母中ATR-ATRIP复合体的近原子分辨率结构,揭示了ATR激酶活化的分子机制(Science丨中科大蔡刚组揭示基因组稳定性调控最核心激酶ATR的激活机制)。然而徐彦辉课题组的报道的人源ATR-ATRIP复合体构象与人源ATM(ataxia-telangiectasia mutated)的开放构象相似,与近期蔡刚课题组报道的酵母源Mec1(ATR)状态不同。蔡刚组的研究结果表明ATR激酶的活化环(activation loop)被其PRD结构域,通过一个特异性的疏水性相互作用所锚定,因而被锁定在待激活状态。而徐彦辉组报道的人源ATR-ATRIP复合体构象是开放的。上述差异可能说明了两个课题组分别解析了不同构象的结构,这也可能是由于人源ATR与酵母ATR本身的差别造成的。

ATR与mTOR,DNA-PKcs同属PIKK蛋白激酶家族。徐彦辉课题组一部分方向聚焦PIKK蛋白激酶家族蛋白,此前报道了mTORC1复合物和DNA-PK全酶复合物的冷冻电镜结构(复旦徐彦辉组解析DNA损伤修复关键蛋白复合体;BioArt解读丨复旦徐彦辉组等在人源mTOR1复合体结构上取得重要进展——附专家点评),上述工作较为系统的阐释了PIKK家族蛋白的共性和特性,为该家族蛋白的结构与功能研究,做出了一定的贡献。

据悉,该项工作是复旦大学与清华大学研究人员合作完成,复旦大学博士生饶钦辉和刘梦杰为共同第一作者,徐彦辉、王宏伟、王佳伟为共同通讯作者。


原始出处:
Rao Q, Liu M, Tian Y, et al.Cryo-EM structure of human ATR-ATRIP complex.Cell Res. 2017 Dec 22. doi: 10.1038/cr.2017.158. [Epub ahead of print]

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    2018-09-17 hongbochen
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    2018-02-19 维他命
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