压力大收入低医患矛盾突出 儿科医生离职率高企

2015-11-16 陈星凯 杭州网

全面二孩政策落地后,关于“二孩生不生”的话题沸沸扬扬。当不少年轻父母还在为此纠结的时候,杭城各家医院的儿科医生的第一反应却是——“吓傻了”!因为去年的“单独二孩”政策已经让他们“手忙脚乱”,有儿科专家预测,未来2-3年,随着生育需求的释放,人手本就紧缺的儿科更是“压力山大”。此外,由于近年来儿科医生离职率越来越高,让本已人手不足的儿科医生更是捉襟见肘。目前,多家医院为缓解医生紧张情况,已将全面

全面二孩政策落地后,关于“二孩生不生”的话题沸沸扬扬。当不少年轻父母还在为此纠结的时候,杭城各家医院的儿科医生的第一反应却是——“吓傻了”!

因为去年的“单独二孩”政策已经让他们“手忙脚乱”,有儿科专家预测,未来2-3年,随着生育需求的释放,人手本就紧缺的儿科更是“压力山大”。

此外,由于近年来儿科医生离职率越来越高,让本已人手不足的儿科医生更是捉襟见肘。目前,多家医院为缓解医生紧张情况,已将全面二孩政策影响纳入儿科规划,积极扩招儿科医生及医护人员、增加床位等,一些医科院校也已经在奔走招聘,希望增强儿科专业的导师力量。

面对“全面二孩”

儿科医生坦言“压力山大”

“去年单独二孩政策出来,大家好像一直觉得没有预想的那么夸张,但其实,我们已经感觉很明显了——现在来就诊的,大约有1/4都是二胎的。门诊量不断增加,儿科医生的工作量几乎是其他科室的2倍。”杭州市一医院儿科黄主任说,目前,他们科室共有58名儿科医生,占了全院医护人员的1/14,但门诊接诊量却是全院的1/6-1/7。

黄主任粗略估计了一下,每个儿科医生每天的接诊量在80-100人左右,整个儿科的门诊量每天都不会少于1000人,医生每天上班10-12个小时是常事。

“除了大家比较熟悉的省儿保、市一、市儿童医院外,近年来,又多了不少有儿科的医院,像浙大一院、浙医二院、市妇女医院等,按道理说,儿科医生的工作量应该会降下来,但据我所知,各家医院的儿科门诊量都是不降反升的。其中一些医院,门诊量增长幅度还非常大。”黄主任说,“所以,当时一听到要‘全面二孩’,我们都吓‘傻’了!”

昨天晚上八点多,记者来到省儿保滨江院区,急诊室候诊区里,坐了不少抱着孩子的家长。而收费窗口,也排起了长长的队伍。急诊外科的医生忙得像“打仗”一样:头上摔个包的、嘴角摔出血的、手烫伤的、关节脱臼的……平均四五分钟就要接待一个小病人。“几乎每天都是这样的。”一位年轻医生这样感慨。

杭州市儿童医院院办顾主任也表示,这几年他们医院的门诊接待量直线上升,每年增幅在40%-50%左右,今年甚至比去年增加了60%以上。“根据我们医院的统计,日均门诊量有着比较明显的‘淡旺季’。季节更替时是呼吸道疾病的‘旺季’,日接诊量多在2000人次左右,即使在‘淡季’,也有1500多人。”

采访中,多名儿科医生直言,“全面二孩”后,他们更是“压力山大”。

压力大收入低医患矛盾突出

大多数医学生不愿意选择儿科

既然儿科医生这么缺,为什么不多培养一些儿科医生呢?

一位儿科专家告诉记者:医疗领域当中,大家都不愿做儿科医生,这是个“世界难题”,中国则更加突出。甚至在20多年前,医学界就流传着这样一句调侃的话——“金眼科、银外科、马马虎虎妇产科、千万别干小儿科……”。

压力大、收入低,又是医患矛盾的“重灾区”,这是让很多医学生不愿意当儿科医生的主要原因。

“一个孩子来看病,有的时候是全家6、7口一起陪同,这对我们来说,是一种无形的心理压力。”市一儿科黄主任说,人多时,连提醒家长们不要插队,都要被骂。

白天忙得吃中饭的时间都没有,还经常被要求加号;晚上有孩子来看急诊,家长觉得值班医生少。“这么大的医院为什么就安排这么几个医生?”这样不耐烦的抱怨和责怪也是常事。

另一个普遍的原因是——儿科医生的收入也要比其他科室的低。

“虽然儿童的看病量很大,但大多以呼吸道疾病为主,复杂的毛病并不多,而且,用药用量也都要有所控制。儿科大多只有社会效益,经济效益很小。”黄主任说。

此外,儿科医生的培养周期也是很长的。“儿科也被称为‘哑科’。患儿常常表达不清楚自己哪儿不舒服,半数以上的患儿甚至还不会说话,医生诊断非常困难,因此,要求儿科医生有非常丰富的临床经验。此外,儿童具有生病急、病情变化快等特点,治疗难度也大。”一位儿科业内人士指出,培养一名能独当一面的儿科医生,需要至少10多年时间。

“5年本科、3年研究生,再经过3年的临床规范化培养,才能培养出一名不错的儿科医生,至少要到30岁,才能独当一面。”

此外,还有医学院校的专家指出,医学生不愿意学儿科,是个普遍的现象。但是儿科医生缺乏,还与我国医学教育的设置有关。1998年,教育部为拓宽专业面,在《普通高等学校本科专业目录》调整中,将儿科专业于1999年起停止招生,目前,本科阶段并没有专门的儿科专业。

本科阶段,学生学习的是临床医学专业,在攻读研究生时,才会细分为儿科等专业,而儿科的报考率也相对较低。学其他专业的毕业生就更加不愿意去做儿科医生了,都往大外科、大内科或者妇产科奔了。

人才流失严重后备力量不足

医院要招一名好的儿科医生很困难

应对全面二孩后的“婴儿潮”,各家医院不得不提早筹划招募人才,以缓解人手压力。但多家医院也坦言,想要解决儿科医生紧缺现状,仍是一大难题。

记者了解到,目前,市一医院已经着手人才储备了,特别是新生儿的医护人员,也在想办法向市编办争取更多的儿科医生编制。“我们也邀请过一些高年资的儿科医生,但是有些人有编制都不来,还要动用私人感情……”市一医院院办的工作人员说。

与市一医院按编制进人不同,市儿童医院是常年招聘儿科医生。院办的负责人说:“我们每年都会新招30-40名儿科医生,但按照现在的需求量,就算每年能招进100名医生,连续招五六年都不够!”此外,院区里还要建一幢新大楼,地上14层,地下3层,预计三年后可以投入使用,到时,诊疗面积可以扩大一倍,人手需求量就更大了。

而市妇女医院,已经把全面二孩政策影响纳入儿科规划,不仅增加了儿科床位、相关设备,还加强了特色科室的人员配备。

但是,让院方担心的不仅仅是招不到好医生,而是现有的“主力”军中也存在着人才流失的现象。

因为儿科女医生居多,而30-40岁,也正是生二孩的“扎堆期”。全面放开“二孩”后,各家医院也不约而同地进行了一次“摸底”,结果是——不少女医生已经怀上了二胎,未来2-3年,有“二孩”计划的更多!这让儿科医生的人手更显不足。

“孕期、哺乳期不能做夜班,其他医生有的要公派深造、进修,有的要读博,有的要派去基层,坐诊医生又要被‘分流’不少。”黄主任告诉记者,虽然她们科室有58名儿科医生,但是真正能在医院干活的只有40名左右。

而要保住这些“中坚力量”也不是件容易的事,调查中,记者发现,杭城各家医院的儿科医生流失情况非常普遍。

有的去了社区医院,工作较为轻松;有的去了中外合资的医院,薪资待遇比较高;有了去国外留学深造;还有的,干脆换了专业,转而攻读其他专业的博士、博士后,再回来当其他科室的医生……

“我们的儿科,5年内走了7个医生,之前3年没有进人,只有去年进了2个人。”说这话的,是一家综合性医院的儿科主任。

一系列的因素,导致很长一段时间,儿科医生的人数甚至呈现负增长。

声音:破解儿科医生荒政策要给力

“儿科医生上游的人才培养机制、中游的医患关系、下游的激励机制都存在问题。”采访中,也有不少专家表现出了自己的忧虑。在他们看来,儿科医生的培养一旦出现“断层”,短时间内很难补齐。

有专家指出,想要从根本上解决儿科后备医师来源的问题,还是要通过教育部、卫生部及政府主管部门的协调,促使有儿科学教学传统和能力的医学院校,首先恢复儿科学专业在本科阶段的招生,同时大力扶植条件成熟的院校增设儿科学专业。并在诸如就业分配、人员培训等管理体制上有所突破才行。

“目前,上海交通大学、重庆医学院等高校,已经在本科招生中重新开设儿科专业了,这是解决人才供应问题一个方向。”杭州市儿童医院院长韦翊建议说,另一方面,应该稳定发展专业招生规模,同时增加医院儿科医师的编制规模。“儿科医生人数上去了,工作量才能降下来;同时对患者也有了更多的问诊时间,对缓解医患矛盾也是有益处的。”

针对收入低的问题,一些专家认为,增加儿童医院和儿科医生的财政投入是解决之道。“破解儿科医生‘荒’,靠一两个医院的努力是没有用的,关键还需要政策‘给力’,加大对儿科医疗资源的政策倾斜。”有专家这样建议道。( 每日商报)

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    2016-03-29 俅侠
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    2015-12-18 三三五五

    这不是一两倍的困难,而是差不多九十倍的困难

    0

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    2015-11-18 millore
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