Spine J:强直性脊柱疾病患者椎体骨折并发症升高

2014-05-21 佚名 丁香园

脊柱僵硬性疾病包括强制性脊柱炎(AS)和弥漫性特发性骨肥厚(DISH),共同的特征为进行性脊柱的僵硬。强直性脊柱炎为HLA B-27基因相关的炎症性疾病,由于骶髂关节、椎间盘及小关节突的慢性炎症而致脊柱强直,发病率为0.1%-1.4%,发生骨折及神经损害风险很高。临床医生对弥漫性特发性骨肥厚认识不足,其病因不明,主要特点为韧带和附丽点的骨化,以脊柱明显。与50岁以上、肥胖和II型糖尿病有关。由于强

脊柱僵硬性疾病包括强制性脊柱炎(AS)和弥漫性特发性骨肥厚(DISH),共同的特征为进行性脊柱的僵硬。强直性脊柱炎为HLA B-27基因相关的炎症性疾病,由于骶髂关节、椎间盘及小关节突的慢性炎症而致脊柱强直,发病率为0.1%-1.4%,发生骨折及神经损害风险很高。

临床医生对弥漫性特发性骨肥厚认识不足,其病因不明,主要特点为韧带和附丽点的骨化,以脊柱明显。与50岁以上、肥胖和II型糖尿病有关。由于强直性脊柱炎和弥漫性特发性骨肥厚本身有不同程度的背痛,加之外伤往往轻微,其骨折的诊断较困难,神经损害可能延迟出现,且并发症和死亡率高。然而,这类患者预后差的确切原因,尚不明确。

荷兰乌得勒支大学医学中心骨科的学者,进行了一项回顾性队列研究,提示强直性脊柱炎和弥漫性特发性骨肥厚患者脊柱骨折后,并发症和死亡率均高于正常骨折病例,文章于2014年5月发表在Spine J上。

该回顾性队列研究共纳入165例50岁以上的创伤性脊柱骨折的病例,其中14例(8.5%)强直性脊柱炎,40例(24.2%)弥漫性特发性骨肥厚,111例对照。收集的病例资料包括基础疾病(Charlson基础疾病评分)、创伤机制、骨折特点、神经损害、并发症和在院死亡率。

通过逻辑回归分析脊柱僵硬性疾病与死亡率的关系,及死亡率其它的可能的危险因素。

结果显示,脊柱僵硬性疾病患者年龄较对照病例年龄大5岁,且主要为男性。各组间Charlson基础疾病评分无显著差异,但弥漫性特发性骨肥厚患者中肥胖和II型糖尿病更多见。很多强直性脊柱炎和弥漫性特发性骨肥厚病例,骨折源自低能创伤,且骨折多为过伸位。

在神经损害方面,强直性脊柱炎(57.1%)和弥漫性特发性骨肥厚(30.0%)高于对照(12.6%),绝大多数病例无明显改善。并发症和死亡率也明显高于对照组。逻辑回归分析提示年龄和弥漫性特发性骨肥厚,为与死亡率统计学相关的独立因素。

上述结果显示,强直性脊柱炎和弥漫性特发性骨肥厚患者,脊柱骨折常为不稳定过伸型,常合并神经损害。并发症和死亡率均高于正常脊柱骨折患者。高龄和弥漫性特发性骨肥厚为预测脊柱骨折死亡率的因素。

考虑到脊柱僵硬性疾病患者脊柱骨折常源于轻微损伤,如坐位或立位摔伤,常易被忽视,建议对X线或CT可疑骨折者进行MRI检查。AO骨折分类及胸腰椎损伤分类与严重评分系统通常建议对此类骨折患者手术治疗。

对50岁以上的脊柱骨折,合并有高血压、肥胖和II型糖尿病其中之一或以上者,均应怀疑弥漫性特发性骨肥厚合并骨折。意识到该类骨折的危险性,从而采取有效措施避免继发性神经损害恶化。

原始出处:


Westerveld LA1, van Bemmel JC1, Dhert WJ1, Oner FC1, Verlaan JJ2.Clinical outcome after traumatic spinal fractures in patients with ankylosing spinal disorders compared with control patients.Spine J. 2014 May 1;14(5):729-40. doi: 10.1016/j.spinee.2013.06.038. Epub 2013 Aug 27.


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    2014-08-01 mgqwxj
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    2015-02-26 丁鹏鹏
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    2014-06-08 zywlvao
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    2014-05-23 dingxiaobo

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