冰火两重天:毕井泉两会承诺加快国外新药审批,而福建医保又给原研药补了一刀:奇点识局

2017-03-14 王新凯 奇点识局

明明有些药物在外国已经上市,但在国内的上市进展却十分缓慢。以丙肝治疗药物索非布韦为例,这种药物在国外已经上市三年,而国内没有任何动静。这些问题又如何解决呢?



FiercePharma 3月9日的报道称,中国食品药品监督管理局局长毕井泉承诺中国正在制定新的措施加快国外药品审批,备受国外生物制药公司的关注。其实毕井泉关于加快国外药物审批的表态,最早出现在3月5日的两会“部长通道”。根据毕井泉的解释,造成国外药品在国内上市慢的原因是多方面的。第一,有制度上的原因,例如根据规定在中国的临床试验要求在国外结束一期临床试验、在临床试验二期开始时候才允许到中国申请;第二,有些知识产权保护的政策未落实,也是国外企业不到中国申请上市的一种顾虑;第三,医保报销目录调整不够及时,企业担心在中国的销售额收不回成本;第四,本身药品审批的时间就长,而国内审评的人员比较少,美国药品审评中心5000人,国内去年年底才增加到600人。

明明有些药物在外国已经上市,但在国内的上市进展却十分缓慢。以丙肝治疗药物索非布韦为例,这种药物在国外已经上市三年,而国内没有任何动静。这些问题又如何解决呢?


毕局长在“部长通道”接受采访

在“部长通道”上面对央视的直播,毕井泉做出承诺,正在积极与有关部门想办法解决这些问题,对不尽合理的要求能取消的就给于取消;知识产权保护制度要进一步完善;优化流程、增加力量,提高审评效率。同时他也举例,目前药品审评积压比以前有了明显改善,最高时积压曾有22000件,去年年底降到了8000件,加上最近医保目录做出了调整,都有利于鼓励外国药品进入中国尽早上市。一些国外新药、特效药在国内的尽快上市,不仅是国外药企的夙愿,更是广大患者的期盼。国家食药监总局的表态,无疑给了国外药企和患者更大的期待。然而就在7日凌晨,福建省医保办发布医保最高销售限价和医保支付结算价,着实是给这种期待补了一刀。

根据福建医保办的《关于公布药品联合限价阳光采购医保最高销售限价和医保支付结算价有关问题的通知》,药品医保支付结算价由医保基金和参保个人按报销比例分担,高于医保最高销售限价部分由医疗机构承担,高于医保支付结算价、低于医保最高销售限价之间的差额由患者个人承担。

根据公布的联合限价阳光采购目录(第一批)及医保最高销售限价和医保支付结算价,此次的医保目录,基本药物、低价药、大输液和治疗性用药全被报销,独家品种即使是治疗用药都有不同程度被压价。辅助用药的价格普遍遭遇腰斩,部分中药注射剂还遭医保拒付。

按照规则,对于有仿制品的治疗性西药,除特殊病患群体用药外,医保支付结算价按照不超过竞价组品种的最高销售限价的150%和自身最高销售限价的70%二者取低确定。以注射用头孢曲松钠(溶媒结晶粉针剂)为例,罗氏规格(0.25g/1支1盒)最高限价为19.7元,医保结算价为0.54元,而所有国内药企生产的头孢曲松钠最高销售价限制为1.0409元。


福建医保药品支付结算价制定原则

规则虽然没有强制要求降价,却直接减少了患者的选择权,一些患者则被迫去选择更加低廉的国产药。政策看似对患者和国产药企重大利好,但最终可能出现的情况就是,在临床疗效中表现比较突出的原研药直接退出市场,而低廉药物的临床疗效未必起到最佳效果。说到这里不得不谈谈中国医药企业的发展现状。我国医药企业过于偏重产品技术含量低的基本药物和仿制药物,来自IMS的最新数据显示,我国仿制药销售额占总体市场的90%。而很多企业一年的利润还不够一个品种的一致性评价的投入。详见《够让人震惊:很多药企一年的利润都不够填一致性评价这个坑!| 奇点识局》。

毕井泉的表态,给了外资药在中国尽早上市的希望,而福建医改办的举措,也许会让国外药企扫兴。虽然中国有着巨大的市场诱惑,但是那些主打原研药的国外药企,也难以接受以大幅降价去拉拢患者。塔夫茨(Tufts)药物开发研究中心的数据显示,开发一个新药的平均成本大约26亿美元!其中包括14亿美元的研发开支和12亿美元的同期投资损失。而且研发周期往往在十年以上,研发投入面临着巨大风险。

话说回来,如何给予外资药品实实在在的鼓励和支持,如何让患者及时用上最好的药,如何促进国内制药市场的良性发展,是我们在改革和前进中不可忽视的问题。

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    2017-03-14 shaosai

    好好学习,涨知识

    0