糖尿病患者:我能不能用β受体阻滞剂?

2018-03-30 阿拉蕾 中国医学论坛报

β受体阻滞剂广泛应用于临床医学的各个领域,尤其是心血管疾病的防治,在心力衰竭、冠心病、高血压、心律失常、心肌病等治疗中,β受体阻滞剂均发挥了重要作用。

β受体阻滞剂广泛应用于临床医学的各个领域,尤其是心血管疾病的防治,在心力衰竭、冠心病、高血压、心律失常、心肌病等治疗中,β受体阻滞剂均发挥了重要作用。

糖尿病是心血管疾病的独立危险因素,高血压、冠心病、心力衰竭等是糖尿病患者的常见合并症,一些临床医师考虑到β受体阻滞剂(特别是与噻嗪类利尿剂合用时)可引起糖代谢异常,使得β受体阻滞剂在代谢综合征糖尿病患者中的应用受到部分限制。

随着相关研究的逐渐增加,为合理应用β受体阻滞剂提供了大量循证医学证据。让我们说说β受体阻滞剂和糖代谢异常的“那些事儿”!

β受体阻滞剂相关性糖代谢异常主要指β受体阻滞剂对血糖、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)和胰岛素敏感性所产生的影响,这主要与β2受体阻断有关。

根据肾上腺素能受体亚型分布及其介导的生理作用来看,心肌β1>β2受体,胰腺(β细胞)主要为β2受体。因此,非选择性β受体阻滞剂如普萘洛尔、纳多洛尔等易导致糖代谢异常;而选择性β1受体阻滞剂(如美托洛尔、比索洛尔)或兼有α受体阻滞作用、内在拟交感活性的β受体阻滞剂(如卡维地洛)对血糖或胰岛素敏感性的影响较小。

经典的英国糖尿病前瞻性研究(UKPDS)旨在评估2型糖尿病合并高血压患者强化降压治疗(随机应用阿替洛尔和卡托普利,并加用二线药物利尿剂)的获益。结果显示,阿替洛尔治疗与HbA1c水平升高相关。



但是,值得注意的是,经过10年临床观察和20年随访,在7项主要终点(任何糖尿病相关终点、糖尿病相关死亡、全因死亡、心肌梗死卒中、外周血管病变、微血管病变)以及心功能不全的预防方面,阿替洛尔有优于卡托普利的趋势,尤其是在全因死亡方面(P=0.047),研究结果于2008年发表于著名的《新英格兰医学杂志》。







2009年,我国《β肾上腺素能受体阻滞剂在心血管疾病应用专家共识》中也指出,高血压伴糖尿病或代谢综合征不是β受体阻滞剂的禁忌症。

首先,此类患者发生心血管病事件的危险性显着升高,使用β受体阻滞剂的得益明显超过风险。

其次,涉及糖代谢的主要是β2受体,采用选择性β1受体阻滞剂或兼有α受体阻滞扩血管作用的β受体阻滞剂,可减少或避免对糖代谢的不利影响。

2018年1月,发表于《中华糖尿病杂志》的新版《中国2型糖尿病防治指南(2017版)》中同样表示,五类降压药物均可用于糖尿病患者,包括ACEI,ARB,利尿剂,CCB和β受体阻滞剂。

针对2型糖尿病合并心力衰竭的患者,《欧洲心力衰竭杂志》于近期在线发表综述,对临床用药进行总结。



文献中指出,无论是否合并2型糖尿病,针对中重度心力衰竭患者,使用β受体阻滞剂能够改善临床症状,降低死亡率和再次住院率,主要推荐药物为琥珀酸美托洛尔缓释片(MERIT-HF研究)、比索洛尔(CIBIS II研究)、卡维地洛(COPERNI-CUS和COMET研究)。

MERIT-HF研究中,相较无糖尿病组,2型糖尿病组患者的药物相关不良反应发生率较高,但是这项评价指标在安慰剂组和琥珀酸美托洛尔缓释片组间无显着差异。

此外,针对2型糖尿病,尤其是使用胰岛素和磺脲类药物的患者,低血糖是临床医生常考虑的问题。MERIT-HF研究结果显示,安慰剂组和琥珀酸美托洛尔组患者发生低血糖的比例分别为0.6%和0.8%(两组中发生低血糖的患者均使用胰岛素)。

另有Meta分析结果显示,针对心力衰竭的患者,使用β受体阻滞剂能降低全因死亡率,在合并2型糖尿病和未合并2型糖尿病的患者中,HR值分别为0.84和0.72。

研究者总结到,给予2型糖尿病合并心力衰竭的患者β受体阻滞剂治疗,能显着改善其预后。β受体阻滞剂能取得的临床获益显着高于可能带来的低血糖风险和极小的HbA1c变化。因此,推荐2型糖尿病合并心力衰竭的患者使用β受体阻滞剂治疗。

原始出处:


2、Holman RRPaul SKBethel MA, et al. Long-Term Follow-up after Tight Control of Blood Pressure in Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl Med, 2008; 359: 1565-1576.

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    2018-09-08 zhyy88
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style='color:#2F92EE;'>#β受体阻滞剂#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=19228, encryptionId=338c19228b0, topicName=β受体阻滞剂)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=685a124, createdName=muzishouyi, createdTime=Sat Mar 31 15:20:00 CST 2018, time=2018-03-31, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-04-05 大爰

    学习了谢谢分享!!

    0

  4. 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channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=0ad01994393, createdName=溜溜梅不酸, createdTime=Sun Apr 01 00:22:37 CST 2018, time=2018-04-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1474475, encodeId=bf3e14e4475fd, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=935fe6718e3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#糖尿病患者#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=76718, encryptionId=935fe6718e3, topicName=糖尿病患者)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a38f7243741, createdName=xue8604, createdTime=Sat Mar 31 15:20:00 CST 2018, time=2018-03-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1274968, encodeId=674412e4968ec, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=338c19228b0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#β受体阻滞剂#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=19228, encryptionId=338c19228b0, topicName=β受体阻滞剂)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=685a124, createdName=muzishouyi, createdTime=Sat Mar 31 15:20:00 CST 2018, time=2018-03-31, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-04-01 考拉2177

    受益匪浅.特别好

    0

  5. 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style='color:#2F92EE;'>#β受体阻滞剂#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=19228, encryptionId=338c19228b0, topicName=β受体阻滞剂)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=685a124, createdName=muzishouyi, createdTime=Sat Mar 31 15:20:00 CST 2018, time=2018-03-31, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-04-01 惠映实验室

    学习了.谢谢分享.

    0

  6. 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channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=0ad01994393, createdName=溜溜梅不酸, createdTime=Sun Apr 01 00:22:37 CST 2018, time=2018-04-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1474475, encodeId=bf3e14e4475fd, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=935fe6718e3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#糖尿病患者#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=76718, encryptionId=935fe6718e3, topicName=糖尿病患者)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a38f7243741, createdName=xue8604, createdTime=Sat Mar 31 15:20:00 CST 2018, time=2018-03-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1274968, encodeId=674412e4968ec, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=338c19228b0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#β受体阻滞剂#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=19228, encryptionId=338c19228b0, topicName=β受体阻滞剂)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=685a124, createdName=muzishouyi, createdTime=Sat Mar 31 15:20:00 CST 2018, time=2018-03-31, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-04-01 惠映实验室

    学习了.谢谢分享.

    0

  7. 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style='color:#2F92EE;'>#β受体阻滞剂#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=19228, encryptionId=338c19228b0, topicName=β受体阻滞剂)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=685a124, createdName=muzishouyi, createdTime=Sat Mar 31 15:20:00 CST 2018, time=2018-03-31, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-04-01 雅文博武

    学习了很多先进的医学知识

    0

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style='color:#2F92EE;'>#β受体阻滞剂#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=19228, encryptionId=338c19228b0, topicName=β受体阻滞剂)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=685a124, createdName=muzishouyi, createdTime=Sat Mar 31 15:20:00 CST 2018, time=2018-03-31, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-04-01 溜溜梅不酸

    学习研究者总结到.给予2型糖尿病合并心力衰竭的患者β受体阻滞剂治疗.能显着改善其预后.β受体阻滞剂能取得的临床获益显着高于可能带来的低血糖风险和极小的HbA1c变化.因此.推荐2型糖尿病合并心力衰竭的患者使用β受体阻滞剂治疗.

    0

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