NEJM:Nivolumab一线应用对生存的改善不优于标准化疗(CheckMate 026研究)

2017-06-23 李刚 全球肿瘤快讯杂志

美国俄亥俄州立大学综合癌症中心David P. Carbone等报告,针对初治的Ⅳ期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者、或PD-L1表达≥5%的复发性患者,Nivolumab对比含铂化疗并未显著改善患者的无进展生存期(PFS),且两种方案治疗后患者的总生存(OS)获益相近;但Nivolumab的安全性优于化疗,且未见新发的或超出预期的安全事件。(N Engl J Med. 2017;376:241

美国俄亥俄州立大学综合癌症中心David P. Carbone等报告,针对初治的Ⅳ期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者、或PD-L1表达≥5%的复发性患者,Nivolumab对比含铂化疗并未显着改善患者的无进展生存期(PFS),且两种方案治疗后患者的总生存(OS)获益相近;但Nivolumab的安全性优于化疗,且未见新发的或超出预期的安全事件。(N Engl J Med. 2017;376:2415-2426.)

研究背景

过去20年中,虽然含铂化疗一直是无靶向药物敏感基因突变的、晚期NSCLC患者的一线标准方案。但既往多项Ⅲ期临床试验结果显示,铂类为基础化疗治疗NSCLC时仅能获得4~6个月的中位PFS及10~13个月的中位OS。随着免疫检查点抑制剂的出现,已有两项Ⅲ期研究证实:在含铂化疗后疾病进展的转移性NSCLC患者中,Nivolumab复治NSCLC患者较多西他赛可获得更长的总生存期。这种生存获益虽然与PD-L1的表达状态无关,但PD-L1表达增高的非鳞癌型NSCLC患者经Nivolumab治疗后生存获益更大。

鉴于免疫系统的复杂性,既往研究者们探索了PD-L1表达水平之外的疗效预测标志物的情况。早期数据支持“肿瘤负荷高可增加免疫治疗获益可能性”的假设。

研究详情

为了明确Nivolumab对比化疗的疗效和安全性,该项代号为CheckMate 026的国际、随机化、开放标签的Ⅲ期临床试验入组了1325例含铂化疗Ⅳ期或一线治疗后的复发性NSCLC患者,只有入组前6个月内的新鲜或存档肿瘤组织样本的PD-L1表达水平≥1%才予以随机化分组。541例(41%)患者按照1:1的比例接受随机化分组(271例被分入Nivolumab组,治疗方案为Nivolumab 3 mg/kg,q14;270例被分入研究者选择的含铂双药化疗组,治疗方案为q21,最多治疗6个周期),另784例(59%)患者因PD-L1表达情况无法评估(6%)、PD-L1表达<1%(23%)或不符合其他的入组条件(30%)而未被随机化分组。化疗组患者可在疾病进展后交叉至Nivolumab组。主要研究终点为PFS,由独立中心在PD-L1表达≥5%的患者中盲法评估得出。

此外,研究者还探索性分析了肿瘤突变负荷对临床结局的影响。肿瘤突变负荷的定义为:基线肿瘤样本中存在体细胞错义突变的总量,且经全外显子测序法在肿瘤组织样本和血样中予以证实。其中0~100个突变为低负荷组,100~242个突变为中度负荷组,≥243个突变为高负荷组。

主要疗效分析结果

主要疗效分析在423例PD-L1表达≥5%的患者群体中开展。虽然两组患者的基线临床特征在随机化时已被均衡,但Nivolumab组女性患者比例(32% vs 45%)、PD-L1表达≥50%患者的比例(32% vs 47%)均低于化疗组的,肝转移比例(20% vs 13%)高于化疗组的。此外,Nivolumab组靶病灶合并计算的肿瘤负荷更大。

结果显示,423例PD-L1表达≥5%的患者的中位PFS在Nivolumab治疗组为4.2个月,在化疗组的为5.9个月(HR=1.15,95%CI0.91~1.45;P=0.25),中位OS分别为14.4个月和13.2个月(HR=1.02,95%CI 0.80~1.30)(见图1和图2)。化疗组的212例患者中共有128例(60%)交叉至Nivolumab组接受后续治疗。

图1  Nivolumab组和化疗组患者的PFS


图2  Nivolumab组和化疗组患者的OS


Nivolumab组患者任何级别治疗相关不良反应事件的发生率为71%,而化疗组的为92%;3~4级治疗相关不良反应事件的发生率为18%和51%。

探索性分析结果

在PD-L1表达≥50%患者中开展的探索性亚组分析显示,Nivolumab组和化疗组患者的缓解率分别为34%(95%CI24%~45%)和39%(95%CI30%~48%),值得注意的是:该研究方案中并未针对PD-L1表达是否≥50%而对患者进行分层,且该情况下两组女性患者的比例并不均衡。

在312例(随机分组患者占58%)患者中,探索性分析评估了肿瘤突变负荷对临床结局的影响(图3和图4)。虽然两个随机分组患者基线时的肿瘤负荷并不均衡,但这些数据及生存结果在入组总人群中是一致的。在肿瘤突变负荷较高的患者中,Nivolumab组和化疗组患者的缓解率分别为47%和28%,中位PFS分别为9.7个月和5.8个月(HR=0.62,95%CI 0.38~1.00)。中位OS相似,不受肿瘤突变负荷的影响。不过,化疗组有68%的肿瘤突变负荷高的患者交叉至Nivolumab组接受治疗。

图3  Nivolumab组和化疗组高肿瘤突变负荷患者的PFS


图4  Nivolumab组和化疗组低~中度肿瘤突变负荷患者的PFS


虽然仅肿瘤突变负荷高、仅PD-L1表达≥50%、两种因素均有、两种因素均无的患者接受Nivolumab治疗后可分别获得32%、34、75%和16%的缓解率,但数据比较的统计效能不足。

原始出处:
Carbone DP1, Reck M1, Paz-Ares L et.al. First-Line Nivolumab in Stage IV or Recurrent Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.N Engl J Med. 2017 Jun 22;376(25):2415-2426. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1613493.

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    2017-12-06 snf701207
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    2018-04-10 tamgche
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1758907, encodeId=8d7d1e58907f8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a79661923b4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#标准化疗#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=61923, encryptionId=a79661923b4, topicName=标准化疗)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=aa7737388244, createdName=124987a0m78(暂无昵称), createdTime=Fri Jul 28 18:14:00 CST 2017, time=2017-07-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1911861, encodeId=9647191186143, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4de7112046c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#mAb#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11204, encryptionId=4de7112046c, topicName=mAb)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=25e7304, createdName=snf701207, createdTime=Wed Dec 06 13:14:00 CST 2017, time=2017-12-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2025202, encodeId=e40920252023f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eeeb459812' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Checkmate#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4598, encryptionId=eeeb459812, topicName=Checkmate)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=365d170, createdName=chenwq08, createdTime=Wed Sep 06 08:14:00 CST 2017, time=2017-09-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2007869, encodeId=2f23200e8697c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=601512826f6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#NIV#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=22, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12826, encryptionId=601512826f6, topicName=NIV)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=674961, createdName=tamgche, createdTime=Tue Apr 10 13:14:00 CST 2018, time=2018-04-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1758804, encodeId=e59d1e5880454, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9fb76191944' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#标准化#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=61919, encryptionId=9fb76191944, topicName=标准化)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a86337383877, createdName=108807375_62823139, createdTime=Sun Sep 17 09:14:00 CST 2017, time=2017-09-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=214543, encodeId=23eb21454334, content=学习了,谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=550d2008262, createdName=luominglian113, createdTime=Sat Jun 24 00:15:11 CST 2017, time=2017-06-24, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1758907, encodeId=8d7d1e58907f8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a79661923b4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#标准化疗#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=61923, encryptionId=a79661923b4, topicName=标准化疗)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=aa7737388244, createdName=124987a0m78(暂无昵称), createdTime=Fri Jul 28 18:14:00 CST 2017, time=2017-07-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1911861, encodeId=9647191186143, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4de7112046c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#mAb#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11204, encryptionId=4de7112046c, topicName=mAb)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=25e7304, createdName=snf701207, createdTime=Wed Dec 06 13:14:00 CST 2017, time=2017-12-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2025202, encodeId=e40920252023f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eeeb459812' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Checkmate#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4598, encryptionId=eeeb459812, topicName=Checkmate)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=365d170, createdName=chenwq08, createdTime=Wed Sep 06 08:14:00 CST 2017, time=2017-09-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2007869, encodeId=2f23200e8697c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=601512826f6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#NIV#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=22, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12826, encryptionId=601512826f6, topicName=NIV)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=674961, createdName=tamgche, createdTime=Tue Apr 10 13:14:00 CST 2018, time=2018-04-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1758804, encodeId=e59d1e5880454, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9fb76191944' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#标准化#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=61919, encryptionId=9fb76191944, topicName=标准化)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a86337383877, createdName=108807375_62823139, createdTime=Sun Sep 17 09:14:00 CST 2017, time=2017-09-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=214543, encodeId=23eb21454334, content=学习了,谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=550d2008262, createdName=luominglian113, createdTime=Sat Jun 24 00:15:11 CST 2017, time=2017-06-24, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-06-24 luominglian113

    学习了,谢谢分享

    0

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