BMJ研究新闻:50%以上的幼儿意外药物中毒死亡与美沙酮有关

2016-05-18 MedSci MedSci原创

BMJ研究新闻:50%以上的幼儿意外药物中毒死亡与美沙酮有关据发表于Archives of Disease的研究显示,在英格兰和威尔士,美沙酮所致的儿童药物意外中毒死亡人数较远多于其他处方药。为找出儿童药物中毒致死的最常见药物,研究人员分析了儿童中毒的国家数据以及2001-2013年期间因意外中毒而住院治疗或接受ICU治疗的儿童数据。在这期间,共有28名4岁以下的儿童由于使用处方药物而出现意外中毒

BMJ研究新闻:50%以上的幼儿意外药物中毒死亡与美沙酮有关

据发表于Archives of Disease的研究显示,在英格兰和威尔士,美沙酮所致的儿童药物意外中毒死亡人数较远多于其他处方药。

为找出儿童药物中毒致死的最常见药物,研究人员分析了儿童中毒的国家数据以及2001-2013年期间因意外中毒而住院治疗或接受ICU治疗的儿童数据。在这期间,共有28名4岁以下的儿童由于使用处方药物而出现意外中毒身亡,其中57%的患者与使用美沙酮有关。

2002-2012年,201名儿童因使用处方药物意外中毒而送至ICU诊治。其中115名儿童患者为药剂所致:19%例为镇静药物, 17%为美沙酮所致。

随着此年龄段与药物使用相关风险的可靠毒理学信息的越来越多,公众意识到有必要有辨别地且安全地储存药物,使得因意外中毒而住院的学龄前儿童人数从2000年到2011年减少了23%,但是,研究人员强调“所有的意外中毒都是可以避免的。”

他们认为应加强且系统地记录严重损害儿童健康的药物,这需要定期检验以进行有针对性的公共卫生干预措施来避免这些悲剧的发生。

2013-2014年国家中毒信息机构获知了超14000例儿童中毒病例,其中许多病例涉及到处方药中毒。虽然严重的药物副作用和意外摄入所致的死亡十分罕见,但是对于蹒跚学步的婴儿来说,吞咽一个或两个成人剂量的某些药物可能是致命的。这些药物包括三环类抗抑郁药,抗精神病药、奎宁、钙通道阻滞剂、口服降糖药以及阿片类药物(如美沙酮)。


研究人员强调,使用美沙酮药物患者其儿童最有可能接触此药物。他们警告道,“使用美沙酮之前以及使用过程中要确保儿童不会接触到此药物,这是至关重要的。”

来自皇家全科医学院关于阿片类药物依赖患者的处方的指南中建议,医生强调必须安全储存美沙酮的必要性,特别是患者是有孩子的父母或有孩子定期访问的患者。有些药品成瘾服务由此为他们提供了家用药品保险箱。

然而,英国的调查显示,许多使用美沙酮的患者并未意识到该药对儿童的危险,也并不记得要安全储存药物的建议,或者并未将药物放在远离儿童的地方。因此,医生要反复询问患者是否有孩子在身边,是否采取了建议以及是否付诸于行动。在某些情况下,或许应该恢复监督管理。

也可以考虑使用丁丙诺啡来替代美沙酮,因为丁丙诺啡对孩子的危险相对较小,尽管对于阿片类药物依赖患者它可能不如美沙酮的效果好。

原始出处

Ingrid Torjesen. Methadone is responsible for over half of accidental drug poisoning deaths in toddlers. BMJ 2016; 353 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.i2802.

Anderson M, Hawkins L, Eddleston M, Thompson JP, Vale A, Thomas SHL. Severe and fatal pharmaceutical poisoning in young children in the UK. Arch Dis Child 2016 May; doi:10.1136/archdischild-2015-309921.

Ford C, Halliday K, Lawson E, et al. Guidance for the use of substitute prescribing in the treatment of opioid dependence in primary care. 2011.

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    2016-05-28 gaoxiaoe
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    2016-05-20 mashirong
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    2016-05-20 qblt
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    2016-05-20 王新春

    你们多支持有用!

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