Stroke:无症状颈动脉狭窄**CEA?

2017-09-20 杨中华 脑血管病及重症文献导读

如果近期无同侧颈动脉性缺血性卒中或TIA,我们通常把该侧颈动脉狭窄称为无症状颈动脉狭窄。无症状颈动脉狭窄的管理存在争论,争论点主要集中在无症状患者是否需要血运重建手术治疗,另外的争论点为应该选择何种血运重建手术。2014年AHA指南按照狭窄水平和血管的危险因素进行了推荐:对于围手术期卒中、心梗或死亡低风险的颈内动脉狭窄>70%的患者,推荐颈动脉内膜剥脱手术(CEA)。对于某些患者(血管造影>=60

如果近期无同侧颈动脉性缺血性卒中或TIA,我们通常把该侧颈动脉狭窄称为无症状颈动脉狭窄。无症状颈动脉狭窄的管理存在争论,争论点主要集中在无症状患者是否需要血运重建手术治疗,另外的争论点为应该选择何种血运重建手术。2014年AHA指南按照狭窄水平和血管的危险因素进行了推荐:对于围手术期卒中、心梗或死亡低风险的颈内动脉狭窄>70%的患者,推荐颈动脉内膜剥脱手术(CEA)。对于某些患者(血管造影>=60%狭窄,超声>=70%),他们争论认为可以考虑颈动脉支架(CAS)。美国血管外科学会、英国健康和临床规范委员会以及加拿大心脏和卒中基金会认为具有血运重建指证的大部分无症状颈动脉狭窄患者都应该选择CEA。血管外科学会以及国家健康和临床规范委员会认为CAS仅能用于临床试验,加拿大指南推荐CAS仅适用于无手术适应症者。

目前尚不确定CAS的有效性和安全性,因为缺乏无症状患者的临床证据。2012年Cochrane综述无症状患者亚组中比较了血管内治疗(包括CAS和球囊血管成形术)和CEA,但是没有得出确定性结论。2013年的系统综述因为缺乏无症状患者CAS vs CEA的试验,故未这些患者进行meta分析。2016年发表的ACT I为无症状颈动脉狭窄比较CAS和CEA的第一个大型临床试验,以上两项meta分析并不包含这个研究。

鉴于无症状颈动脉狭窄血运重建的最佳手术方式尚不明确,2018年8月来自加拿大的Paola Moresoli等在Stroke上发表了他们的系统性综述和meta分析,比较无症状颈动脉狭窄患者采取CAS vs CEA的有效性和安全性。

他们共分析了5项随机对照试验的11项报告中的无症状颈动脉狭窄患者3019例。他们发现CAS手术(vs. CEA)后围手术期卒中(RR, 1.84; 95% CI, 0.99–3.40)、围手术期非致残性卒中(RR, 1.95; 95% CI, 0.98–3.89)和围手术期卒中/死亡(RR, 1.72; 95% CI, 0.95–3.11)的汇总发生率都有增加的趋势。对于长期卒中(RR, 1.24; 95% CI, 0.76–2.03),以及复合终点(包括围手术期卒中、死亡或心梗或长期同侧卒中)(RR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.70–1.21),两种治疗方案间无临床显著性差异。

最终作者认为对于无症状颈动脉狭窄的患者,尽管CAS和CEA长期预后没有差别,但是CAS围手术期卒中和围手术期卒中或死亡的风险有增加的趋势。作者认为对无症状颈动脉狭窄的患者,应该首选CEA。

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    2017-09-22 shizhenshan
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Am J Neuroradiol:CTA或MRA脑动脉狭窄阴性,单纯钙化负荷也有望能预测脑卒中!

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