Nat Commun:保护心脏,揭晓长寿人群中的神秘基因

2017-06-01 药明康德 药明康德

基因遗传分离群体(genetically population isolates)在基因组测序和鉴定中的应用不仅限于罕见疾病的研究; 这些分离人群也为深入理解常见疾病的生物学基础及其组成特征提供了有用资源。良好的人类群体为众多遗传研究提供了优秀的研究样本,涉及面跨越全基因组关联研究(GWAS)到探索基因与环境之间的相互作用。

基因遗传分离群体(genetically population isolates)在基因组测序和鉴定中的应用不仅限于罕见疾病的研究; 这些分离人群也为深入理解常见疾病的生物学基础及其组成特征提供了有用资源。良好的人类群体为众多遗传研究提供了优秀的研究样本,涉及面跨越全基因组关联研究(GWAS)到探索基因与环境之间的相互作用。

近日,正是利用基因遗传分离群体研究的优势,来自英国Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute研究所的科学家们发现了解决一个遗传学难题的关键性线索:与其他地区的人口相比较,为什么希腊境内一个孤立的群体能够过着相对更加健康的生活?他们的研究发现,一种已知可有效保护心脏健康的基因遗传变异体在这个希腊小型人口群体中比其他欧洲人群高40倍。这一重要创新发现以论文形式发表在了最近一期的《自然》子刊《Nature Communications》上。

希腊Anogia和周围的Mylopotamos村庄的居民生活在克里特岛(Crete)的山区里面。在整个希腊国内,这些居民闻名于其长寿并且健康的生活风俗,尽管他们的饮食习惯中包含丰富的动物脂肪,但却并没有因此而导致危及健康的相关并发症。

为了解决这个难题,英国Wellcome Trust Sanger研究所、Anogia医学中心(Anogia Medical Centre)和哈罗科皮奥大学(Harokopio University)的合作团队,从Anogia及其Mylopotamos周围的村庄中获得了1200多人的生物学遗传物质样本。然后,他们使用DNA微芯片技术(Illumina HumanExome Beadchip)来更全面地调查具有可能改变破坏蛋白质功能的相对稀有变体的基因组区域,特别是寻找与脂质性状相关的功能性编码变体。


▲基因APOC3的遗传变体R19X增高了HDL水平(图片来源:《Nature Communications》)

他们发现,基因APOC3中的遗传变体R19X在这个人群中比在其他欧洲地区人群中更常见。该变体功能性地降低增加心脏病风险的血脂甘油三酯(triglyceride)水平,并且它增高了高密度脂蛋白(high density lipoprotein,HDL)的水平。HDL也称为“好胆固醇”,可降低心脏病的风险。在其他欧洲人群中,这种R19X变体存在于0.05%的人群中。但在被研究的这批人群中,人口百分比高达2%。这一心脏保护性遗传变异体R19X,首次于2008年在阿米什(Amish)人群中被观察到。这项研究表明,R19X变异体不仅仅局限于阿米什人社区之中。

本文联合第一作者、Wellcome Trust Sanger研究所的Lorraine Southam博士说道:“通过研究孤立人群,我们能够识别与世界其他地区人口相比频率更高的遗传变体。这样可以反过来检测这些变异是否是导致疾病的主要原因。针对孤立的群体,我们可以获得独特见解,理解在复杂人类疾病中发挥重要作用的罕见遗传变异体。”

该论文通讯作者、Wellcome Trust Sanger研究所的Eleftheria Zeggini教授说道:“Mylopotamos村的居民与希腊一般人口的糖尿病患病率相同,但不患有疾病并发症,这样的遗传学研究可以帮助我们开始理解为什么会有这样的神奇现象,”她还说道:“这项研究显示了观察整个基因组以更好地了解群体遗传结构的重要性。我们已发现与心血管疾病性状相关的医学上的遗传变异。心血管疾病是全世界最常见的死亡原因。”

原始出处:

Ioanna Tachmazidou, George Dedoussis, et al. A rare functional cardioprotective APOC3 variant has risen in frequency in distinct population isolates. Nature Communications 4, Article number: 2872 (2013) doi:10.1038/ncomms3872

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    2017-11-07 liuli5079
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    2017-06-15 liye789132251
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    2017-06-01 1e0f8808m18(暂无匿称)

    心脏好,才能长寿。

    0

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    2017-06-01 luominglian113

    学习了,谢谢分享

    0

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    2017-06-01 惠映实验室

    精准医学研究

    0

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    2017-06-01 doctorJiangchao

    继续学习。

    0

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