儿童肥胖管理新指南更新

2017-02-13 idiabetes 糖衣网

儿童肥胖是一个全球性健康问题,严重影响成年期健康及寿命,约影响着美国17%的儿童及青少年。


儿童肥胖是一个全球性健康问题,严重影响成年期健康及寿命,约影响着美国17%的儿童及青少年。近期,美国内分泌学会与美国儿童内分泌学会联合更新发布了儿童及青少年肥胖评估、治疗及预防的新临床实践指南,该指南预计将发布在《临床内分泌与代谢杂志》2017年3月刊中。

指南编写小组成员来自加州大学的Dennis Styne指出,自上一版指南发布已有8年时间,在此期间PubMed上有关儿童肥胖的文献" target="_blank" >参考文献增加了1778篇。因此,我们需要对上述文献进行审查回顾将最新数据进行整合分析从而对上一版指南进行更新。他强调,虽然近年来美国目前儿童肥胖的患病率似乎趋于稳定,但极度肥胖的患病率却在持续增加。

肥胖定义

新指南认为,儿童及青少年体重指数(BMI)≥同年龄同性别儿童的第85百分位数但小于第95百分位数视为超重,BMI≥同年龄同性别儿童的第95百分位数视为肥胖。对于两岁以上儿童,若其BMI≥同年龄同性别儿童的第95百分位数乘以120%或≥35 kg/m2视为极度肥胖。对于两岁以下儿童,若其性别特异性的卧式体重(sex-specific weight for recumbent length)≥世界卫生组织所规定图表中的第97.7百分位数则视为肥胖。



肥胖儿童合并症评估

新指南推荐,一旦儿童及青少年出现超重,医生" target="_blank" >临床医生应定期对其进行肥胖相关常见合并症(如糖尿病前期、显性糖尿病、血脂异常及高血压)的评估;并建议其定期进行常规实验室评估以确定是否存在导致儿童肥胖的一些罕见内分泌病因。此外,对于早发性肥胖、有极度肥胖家族史、食欲过剩的肥胖儿童,新指南建议可行基因检测以确定其肥胖发病的遗传驱动因素。另外,新指南非常重视肥胖的预防,认为一旦发生肥胖再想通过生活方式改变来达到持久有效的结果是非常困难的。当然,新指南也强调,肥胖预防与治疗的基石都是生活方式干预。

肥胖管理:防大于治

新指南认为,儿童及青少年及其家庭应如何从教育及环境多方入手多管齐下来预防肥胖。临床医生需要向其开具健康饮食习惯处方并提供支持,鼓励避免食用高热量低营养的食品及饮料;肥胖儿童则不应在放学及晚饭后放纵自己,父母应为其制定有规律的进食计划。此外,对于体重控制而言,提高体力活动水平也非常重要,儿童及青少年每周应至少进行5天、每天应至少进行20分钟最好进行60分钟的剧烈运动。另外,就健康生活方式而言,还应积极促进健康睡眠,限制每天视屏时间使其不超过2小时,减少久坐不动行为。鉴于肥胖常会带来心理负担,新指南建议在怀疑存在心理问题时应对儿童及青少年进行相关评估。此外,健康团队应解决家庭动力问题,并就可能导致儿童肥胖的不良喂养模式进行诊断。



减重手术应作为肥胖最后的控制手段

与既往指南不同,鉴于相关证据较弱,新指南不再推荐采用母乳喂养来预防肥胖。就肥胖治疗药物" target="_blank" >药物而言,目前仅有一种药物被批准用于16岁以下儿童。但是,若生活方式干预效果不佳,医生可启用药物治疗。就减重手术而言,新指南就手术选择及其风险获益进行了详细阐述。总的来说,新指南认为减重手术应作为肥胖最后的控制手段,仅推荐用于伴有严重肥胖相关合并症的青春期成熟患者。

最后新指南强调,虽然自上一版指南发布8年来肥胖行相关研究显着增加,但未来仍需进一步开展相关研究确定可增加体重增加风险及影响治疗反应的遗传及生物学因素,并探寻能有效系统性改变食品环境及每日活动量以及实现并维持健康BMI改变的方法。

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    2017-03-11 1e224f04m83(暂无匿称)

    谢谢老师的分享!

    0

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一项前瞻性队列研究显示如果母亲在产前暴露于较高浓度PFOA(perfluorooctanoic acid,全氟辛酸铵酸),儿童在儿童早期的总体肥胖率会增大,BMIz评分(BMIz)增加的更快。这项研究在 Obesity在线发表。

儿童肥胖,全球不能承受之重!

肥胖症是指能量摄入过多和(或)能量消耗过少而引起的体内脂肪堆积过多和(或)分布异常、体重增加的一种慢性代谢异常性疾病,常常与高血压、2型糖尿病、血脂异常、缺血性心脏病等集结出现。 最新版本的美国膳食指南指出,2-19岁的美国青少年每三人中就有一个体重处于超重或肥胖状态,而在墨西哥有30%以上儿童肥胖,英国幼儿的肥胖率为20%。中国儿童肥胖情况如何呢?据上海仁济医院临床营养科万燕萍教授指出

Diabetes:儿童体内脂肪组织生物学及功能的早期改变的证据及其与肥胖相关炎症及胰岛素抵抗的关系研究

成人中脂肪细胞的肥大或增生导致肥胖者体内脂肪量的增加,还常与脂肪组织的功能异常有关。本项研究中我们对171名0-18岁的正常和肥胖儿童进行全面综合的研究及临床特征的记录,并评估他们的脂肪组织样本在生物学及功能方面出现了哪些早期改变。 我们的研究发现,从儿童早期即可观察到肥胖者与正常组相比脂肪细胞体积和数量的增加。肥胖儿童脂肪组织组成的改变还伴随着体外实验中基础脂解水平的下降以及基质血管细胞增

JAMA Pediatr:抗生素引起儿童早期肥胖

肥胖已经成为儿童和成年人的严重疾病负担,因此备受公共卫生的关注。过去的研究表明,婴儿时期接触的环境因素可能对肥胖的发病风险有长期影响,而研究发病因素可能对降低肥胖的发病风险提供思路。为了研究婴儿期使用抗生素对幼儿肥胖的影响,费城儿童医院的Bailey LC医生对费城、宾夕法尼亚及其周边地区的儿童展开队列研究。该研究发表在近日的JAMA Pediatr上。研究者检索了2001-2013年的电子病历系