Gastroenterology:出生方式、饮食以及特应性疾病与肠道微生物变化

2020-02-04 MedSci MedSci原创

研究发现,婴儿及儿童期肠道微生物多样性和组成变化与过敏和哮喘风险相关

婴儿期肠微生物建立影响免疫系统发育,生命早期微生物群变化可能有助于降低免疫疾病风险。近日研究人员考察了婴儿和儿童微生物区系成熟和随后过敏的关系。

研究招募440名儿童,在产后5、13、21、31周以及6-11岁间收集1453份粪便样本。参与研究的儿童中,女孩占49.3%,剖腹产率为24.8%,除6名儿童外均接受不同程度的母乳喂养,出生胎龄为40周。研究的主要终点为对3岁以下的特应性皮炎,学龄时过敏和哮喘的数据。

研究采用Shannon指数评估粪便微生物区系的多样性,在出生后5至13周无显著差异,但在21-31周后出现改变。大多数拟杆菌门和菲氏蛋白菌门细菌在出生后5周已存在,而厚壁菌门是在婴儿期后期获得。在学龄期,许多新到的放线菌、厚壁菌和拟杆菌门细菌出现。微生物多样性增加最快的阶段是产后31周。经阴道产,与剖宫产相比,与5-31周的细菌种类的富集密切相关,特别是多形杆状菌属。从13周开始,饮食成为决定微生物组成的最重要因素--中断母乳喂养,而不是引入固体食物。在中断母乳后,双歧杆菌、葡萄球菌和链球菌含量降低,而螺旋藻科含量增加。调整后,研究发现粪便微生物组成与特应性皮炎、过敏和哮喘相关,螺旋藻科、粪杆菌以及小杆菌属都与降低特应症风险有关。

研究发现,婴儿及儿童期肠道微生物多样性和组成变化与过敏和哮喘风险相关。

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    2020-04-19 许安
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