预防系统性硬化病患者进一步发生肺动脉高压要靠。。。

2018-01-04 熊长明 肺血管病

患者,女,50岁。因“活动后气短、乏力、心悸”来院就诊。外院超声心动图检查发现肺动脉高压和右心房、室扩大。患者既往有雷诺现象10年,2年前曾确诊系统性硬化症。患者此次来院诊断肺动脉高压是否与多年的系统性硬化症有关?还有其它疾病吗?

患者,女,50岁。因“活动后气短、乏力、心悸”来院就诊。外院超声心动图检查发现肺动脉高压和右心房、室扩大。患者既往有雷诺现象10年,2年前曾确诊系统性硬化症。患者此次来院诊断肺动脉高压是否与多年的系统性硬化症有关?还有其它疾病吗?

临床资料】

患者,女,50岁。因“活动后气短、乏力、心悸2个月”入院。2012年4月以来逐渐出现活动耐量下降,上楼时气短,容易乏力伴心悸,无晕厥、咯血。外院超声心动图检查发现肺动脉高压和右心房、室扩大。患者于2012年6月收入院。患者既往有雷诺现象10年,2年前在外院风湿免疫科确诊系统性硬化病,长期服药泼尼松等免疫抑制剂药物。无特殊家族史,无服用减肥药史,无高血压糖尿病史。

查体:BP 90/60mmHg,P 90次/分,R 16次/分,口唇无发绀,颈静脉无怒张,颈部无血管杂音,双肺呼吸音清晰,心音正常,A2<P2,胸骨左缘4~5肋间可闻及3/6级收缩期杂音,腹部软,肝脾未触及,双手手指皮肤肿胀变硬呈腊肠样,双下肢轻度水肿。

实验室检查:尿常规、甲状腺功能指标、D-二聚体、肝肾功能均正常。乙肝、丙肝抗原和HIV均阴性。CRP、类风湿因子和血沉正常。动脉血气:pH 7.38,PCO2 32.5mmHg,PO2 75.5mmHg,SaO2 95%。ANA(IgG型):(+)S1:1280,dsDNA(-),抗RNP(+)。BNP 1200pmol/L。6分钟步行距离120m。

心电图(图17-1):右心房增大、右心室肥厚、电轴右偏。

胸片:中心肺动脉扩张,外周肺纹理相对纤细,肺动脉段凸出,右心房、室增大。

超声心动图:左心房内径:30mm,左心室舒张末内径:40mm,右心室舒张末内径:28mm,左心室EF:68%,三尖瓣反流,估测肺动脉收缩压100mmHg。余瓣膜结构、形态无异常。

呼吸功能:轻度限制性通气功能障碍,轻度弥散功能障碍。


图17-1 心电图:右心房增大、右心室肥厚、电轴右偏

肝胆超声未见异常。

肺动脉增强CT(图17-2):主肺动脉及左右肺动脉增宽,未见栓塞征象。右心房、室增大,未见明显肺实质和间质改变。


图17-2 肺动脉增强CT:主肺动脉及左右肺动脉增宽,未见栓塞征象

患者为系统性硬化病,一直正规使用激素治疗,风湿免疫病确诊2年后出现肺动脉高压和右心衰竭症状,经过临床全面筛查除外其他原因所致肺动脉高压,因此其肺动脉高压是和系统性硬化症相关的,最后诊断:系统性硬化症,肺动脉高压,肺源性心脏病,心功能Ⅱ级。

患者拒绝右心导管检查和急性肺血管反应试验。经传统治疗方法包括吸氧、利尿剂、地高辛、华法林抗凝治疗,胸闷乏力症状无改善,试用西地那非20mg 3次/日,患者头痛症状严重,无法耐受,遂换用波生坦62.5mg 2次/日,症状减轻出院,28天后波生坦加至125mg 2次/日。3个月后来院复查,超声心动图:左心室舒张末内径43mm,右心室舒张末内径24mm,估测肺动脉收缩压74mmHg。BNP 469pmol/L,6分钟步行距离350米。

【讨论】

系统性硬化病(systemic sclerosis,SSc)与肺动脉高压关系密切。SSc是以胶原在皮肤和内脏器官的过量沉积、血管高反应和微血管阻塞现象为特征的结缔组织病。以女性多见,高峰发病年龄为40~50岁。根据患者最初的临床表现和疾病进展的不同可将系统性硬化分为不同类型,在临床中常根据皮肤受累的范围不同分为弥漫性皮肤型和局限皮肤型SSc。CREST综合征是最常见的一种局限型系统性硬化症,临床上至少具有以下5种临床表现中的3种,即皮下钙化、雷诺现象、食管运动不良、指端硬化和毛细血管扩张。

SSc合并肺动脉高压(PAH)发病率高且病情严重,弥漫型SSc患者PAH发生率约为2%~3%,局限型SSc患者PAH发生率约为10%~60%,CREST综合征合并PAH的发生率远高于弥漫型SSc,伴发PAH的SSc患者5年累计生存率仅为10%,低于特发性肺动脉高压的5年生存率。内皮细胞功能受损、血管重塑、炎症反应、自身免疫机制在系统性硬化症肺动脉高压中起重要作用。

临床上应常规对肺动脉高压患者特别是女性患者进行结缔组织病的筛查,以减少漏诊和误诊。对SSc患者的定期筛查有助于早期发现PAH,SSc患者随访中推荐每年进行一次超声心动图检查,并注意肺纤维化和肺栓塞的筛查。右心导管检查用于确诊疑似的肺动脉高压患者,但急性肺血管反应阳性率在结缔组织相关性肺动脉高压低于特发性肺动脉高压。

在积极治疗其基础结缔组织病的基础上,应用肺动脉高压靶向药物如前列环素类药物、内皮素拮抗剂和5型磷酸二酯酶抑制剂等治疗可明显改善SSc伴PAH患者的预后,必要时可以联合靶向药物治疗。

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  4. 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topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/11/05/dc628308c49d4aa82335673176ebb6d3.jpg, createdBy=153c1955083, createdName=xiaotao112411, createdTime=Thu Jan 04 10:20:27 CST 2018, time=2018-01-04, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-01-04 明天jing

    肺动脉高压表面是罕见病,事实上临床上并不少见,治疗药物虽然有一些,但是整体仍然不理解,可能未来需要采用综合治疗措施。

    0

  5. 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topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/11/05/dc628308c49d4aa82335673176ebb6d3.jpg, createdBy=153c1955083, createdName=xiaotao112411, createdTime=Thu Jan 04 10:20:27 CST 2018, time=2018-01-04, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-01-04 xiaotao112411

    学习学习学习

    0

  6. 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topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/11/05/dc628308c49d4aa82335673176ebb6d3.jpg, createdBy=153c1955083, createdName=xiaotao112411, createdTime=Thu Jan 04 10:20:27 CST 2018, time=2018-01-04, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-01-04 xiaotao112411

    学习学习学习

    0

  7. 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createdName=jklm09, createdTime=Sat Oct 20 14:53:00 CST 2018, time=2018-10-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1627329, encodeId=03bc162e329e6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbcee69217e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#系统性硬化#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=76921, encryptionId=dbcee69217e, topicName=系统性硬化)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8cf521117287, createdName=yhy100207, createdTime=Sat Jan 06 00:53:00 CST 2018, time=2018-01-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1050770, encodeId=a0151050e70f6, content=肺动脉高压表面是罕见病,事实上临床上并不少见,治疗药物虽然有一些,但是整体仍然不理解,可能未来需要采用综合治疗措施。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=明天jing, createdTime=Thu Jan 04 12:53:00 CST 2018, time=2018-01-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=275343, encodeId=444e2e534364, content=学习学习学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/11/05/dc628308c49d4aa82335673176ebb6d3.jpg, createdBy=153c1955083, createdName=xiaotao112411, createdTime=Thu Jan 04 10:20:45 CST 2018, time=2018-01-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=275342, encodeId=d62f2e534216, content=学习学习学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/11/05/dc628308c49d4aa82335673176ebb6d3.jpg, createdBy=153c1955083, createdName=xiaotao112411, createdTime=Thu Jan 04 10:20:41 CST 2018, time=2018-01-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=275341, encodeId=e7d32e53418d, content=学习学习学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/11/05/dc628308c49d4aa82335673176ebb6d3.jpg, createdBy=153c1955083, createdName=xiaotao112411, createdTime=Thu Jan 04 10:20:38 CST 2018, time=2018-01-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=275340, encodeId=25942e5340e5, content=学习学习学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/11/05/dc628308c49d4aa82335673176ebb6d3.jpg, createdBy=153c1955083, createdName=xiaotao112411, createdTime=Thu Jan 04 10:20:35 CST 2018, time=2018-01-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=275339, encodeId=01b92e5339e2, content=学习学习学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/11/05/dc628308c49d4aa82335673176ebb6d3.jpg, createdBy=153c1955083, createdName=xiaotao112411, createdTime=Thu Jan 04 10:20:31 CST 2018, time=2018-01-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=275338, encodeId=29d72e53384a, content=学习学习学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=21, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/11/05/dc628308c49d4aa82335673176ebb6d3.jpg, createdBy=153c1955083, createdName=xiaotao112411, createdTime=Thu Jan 04 10:20:27 CST 2018, time=2018-01-04, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-01-04 xiaotao112411

    学习学习学习

    0

  8. 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createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=明天jing, createdTime=Thu Jan 04 12:53:00 CST 2018, time=2018-01-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=275343, encodeId=444e2e534364, content=学习学习学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/11/05/dc628308c49d4aa82335673176ebb6d3.jpg, createdBy=153c1955083, createdName=xiaotao112411, createdTime=Thu Jan 04 10:20:45 CST 2018, time=2018-01-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=275342, encodeId=d62f2e534216, content=学习学习学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/11/05/dc628308c49d4aa82335673176ebb6d3.jpg, createdBy=153c1955083, createdName=xiaotao112411, createdTime=Thu Jan 04 10:20:41 CST 2018, time=2018-01-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=275341, encodeId=e7d32e53418d, content=学习学习学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/11/05/dc628308c49d4aa82335673176ebb6d3.jpg, createdBy=153c1955083, createdName=xiaotao112411, createdTime=Thu Jan 04 10:20:38 CST 2018, time=2018-01-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=275340, encodeId=25942e5340e5, content=学习学习学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/11/05/dc628308c49d4aa82335673176ebb6d3.jpg, createdBy=153c1955083, createdName=xiaotao112411, createdTime=Thu Jan 04 10:20:35 CST 2018, time=2018-01-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=275339, encodeId=01b92e5339e2, content=学习学习学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/11/05/dc628308c49d4aa82335673176ebb6d3.jpg, createdBy=153c1955083, createdName=xiaotao112411, createdTime=Thu Jan 04 10:20:31 CST 2018, time=2018-01-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=275338, encodeId=29d72e53384a, content=学习学习学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=21, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/11/05/dc628308c49d4aa82335673176ebb6d3.jpg, createdBy=153c1955083, createdName=xiaotao112411, createdTime=Thu Jan 04 10:20:27 CST 2018, time=2018-01-04, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-01-04 xiaotao112411

    学习学习学习

    0

  9. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2017021, encodeId=6846201e02145, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9760e69058c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#系统性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=76905, encryptionId=9760e69058c, topicName=系统性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2b9b368, createdName=qingrejiedu, createdTime=Thu Apr 19 20:53:00 CST 2018, time=2018-04-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1925207, encodeId=64cd192520e2f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=26d633354c9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#动脉高压#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=33354, encryptionId=26d633354c9, topicName=动脉高压)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=44a360, createdName=jklm09, createdTime=Sat Oct 20 14:53:00 CST 2018, time=2018-10-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1627329, encodeId=03bc162e329e6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbcee69217e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#系统性硬化#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=76921, encryptionId=dbcee69217e, topicName=系统性硬化)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8cf521117287, createdName=yhy100207, createdTime=Sat Jan 06 00:53:00 CST 2018, time=2018-01-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1050770, encodeId=a0151050e70f6, content=肺动脉高压表面是罕见病,事实上临床上并不少见,治疗药物虽然有一些,但是整体仍然不理解,可能未来需要采用综合治疗措施。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=明天jing, createdTime=Thu Jan 04 12:53:00 CST 2018, time=2018-01-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=275343, encodeId=444e2e534364, content=学习学习学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/11/05/dc628308c49d4aa82335673176ebb6d3.jpg, createdBy=153c1955083, createdName=xiaotao112411, createdTime=Thu Jan 04 10:20:45 CST 2018, time=2018-01-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=275342, encodeId=d62f2e534216, content=学习学习学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/11/05/dc628308c49d4aa82335673176ebb6d3.jpg, createdBy=153c1955083, createdName=xiaotao112411, createdTime=Thu Jan 04 10:20:41 CST 2018, time=2018-01-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=275341, encodeId=e7d32e53418d, content=学习学习学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/11/05/dc628308c49d4aa82335673176ebb6d3.jpg, createdBy=153c1955083, createdName=xiaotao112411, createdTime=Thu Jan 04 10:20:38 CST 2018, time=2018-01-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=275340, encodeId=25942e5340e5, content=学习学习学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, 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topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/11/05/dc628308c49d4aa82335673176ebb6d3.jpg, createdBy=153c1955083, createdName=xiaotao112411, createdTime=Thu Jan 04 10:20:27 CST 2018, time=2018-01-04, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-01-04 xiaotao112411

    学习学习学习

    0

  10. 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topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/11/05/dc628308c49d4aa82335673176ebb6d3.jpg, createdBy=153c1955083, createdName=xiaotao112411, createdTime=Thu Jan 04 10:20:27 CST 2018, time=2018-01-04, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-01-04 xiaotao112411

    学习学习学习

    0

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