刘文忠教授:全国第五次HP共识常见问题解读

2018-04-02 消化客 江苏省人民医院消化科

在江苏省医学会HP与胃肠道微生态学组成立大会上,来自上海仁济医院的刘文忠教授为我们解读了全国第五次HP共识常见问题。此次共识与国际接轨,突出了重点且更科学,但也可能出现内容的遗漏、操作性不佳等问题。刘教授针对HP根治与否、HP的检测、治疗及传播等问题做了相关的解读。

在江苏省医学会HP与胃肠道微生态学组成立大会上,来自上海仁济医院的刘文忠教授为我们解读了全国第五次HP共识常见问题。此次共识与国际接轨,突出了重点且更科学,但也可能出现内容的遗漏、操作性不佳等问题。刘教授针对HP根治与否、HP的检测、治疗及传播等问题做了相关的解读

首先为根治方面的问题。刘教授认为HP日后的感染与长期预后难以预料,提倡行相关检查及根除治疗。高危人群的适应症问题,需要根据疾病情况、病理分类情况等进行个体化处理。不同HP菌株的毒性虽存在差异,但几乎均可引起慢性活动性胃炎,不存在无毒的菌株。HP菌株好坏之争已结束,David Y Graham教授在1997年发表的观点认为唯一好的HP是死的细菌,并依然坚持自己的观点,治疗所有感染者除非有抗衡因素;而曾经认为HP菌株有好坏之分的Martin J Blaser教授感染已在2016年改变自己的观点,即HP在年长儿童和成人是致病菌,对年幼儿童可能潜在有益。HP诱发胃癌是多因素共同作用的结果,且个体发育占主要原因,细菌毒力占次要,不能因为HP细菌毒力低就不对其进行根除。感染个体遗传差异比HP毒力基因差异在胃癌的发生中更重要。

其次是检测问题。由于个体间胃蠕动快慢、PH值高低、尿素酶活性等不同,故呼气值与细菌量不完全呈线性关系。若呼气试验阴性,病理检查阳性,应考虑病理检测是否可靠、呼气实验是否存在假阳性,两者相悖的情况是可能出现的。因呼气试验可能出现假阳性和假阴性,故数值阴性不能严格排除HP感染。呼气试验数值与细菌数量不完全呈线性关系,仅反应HP阳性,所以不代表治疗后的细菌比治疗前更多。对于呼气试验值高容易治疗还是低较容易治疗这一问题,目前没有相关研究,但数值高低与细菌数量多少并没有绝对的线性关系,只有当患者多次治疗且呼气试验数值接近临界值时,治疗效果可能不佳。C13和C14在体内的生物半衰期仅几个小时,不存在蓄积情况。

在有关治疗的问题。治疗方案的选择需综合考虑患者的个体耐药及耐受性、初次治疗与否、经济条件等,因而不存在哪种方案绝对最好。单从效果来讲,若青霉素不过敏,尽量用包含青霉素的方案;尽量选择两种均不耐药组合的同时结合个体化。在HP的根除治疗中,我们遵循联合铋剂使用不超过14天这一原则。根除了HP之后,若消化不良症状未见好转,提示其属于功能性消化不良范畴。孕妇根除HP尽量选择含阿莫西林,PPI非奥美拉唑的方案。甲硝唑和呋喃唑酮联合使用时不能饮酒。

HP在口腔中不致病,因而口腔问题并非由HP引起。对于口腔HP对根除治疗复发等方面的影响,需明确HP是否能在口腔中定植及HP是暂时还是长期定植,该此问题存在争议性。综合来讲,刘教授本人更偏向于反对,他认为只有确定口腔内的HP较胃内的更难根除,才能支持口腔HP引起根除复发这一观点,然而国外有很多研究提出口腔HP较胃内HP容易根除。HP引起口臭的问题也有人提出,引起口臭的原因很多,若直接对口臭患者进行HP根除治疗,效果因人而异,且抗HP治疗后口臭缓解,不能排除是抗生素对口腔细菌的作用产生的效应。

最后是HP的传播问题。细菌主要经过三种途径:口—口、粪—口、胃—口,但因HP在空气中长期暴露后活性的降低,故刘教授认为粪—口、胃—口的传播途径意义不大。口—口传播也包括大人传播给小孩、夫妻间的传播或多子女家庭内小孩间的传播。刘教授指出,日本的消灭HP措施值得我们借鉴,提示我们要改变不良饮食习惯,对不良的用餐家庭和阶级进行宣讲教育。

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    2018-04-04 121832a9m88暂无昵称

    学习了

    0

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    2018-04-03 1222becem95暂无昵称

    学习了

    0

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    2018-04-03 周周人

    学习.

    0

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    2018-04-03 Ramsey

    学习了.幽门螺旋杆菌

    0

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    2018-04-03 秀红

    学习了

    0

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    2018-04-02 131****2916

    不错的文章值得推荐

    0

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