Nature: 浙江大学基础医学院郭国骥团队报道人类细胞图谱

2020-03-26 浙大基础医学院 浙大基础医学院

细胞是生命的基本单位。在过去的数百年时间里,科学家主要利用显微镜和流式分析等技术,依靠若干表型特征对自然界里不同物种的细胞进行分类和鉴定。这些表型特征的选取往往引入了较多的主观偏见。单细胞测序技术的出

细胞是生命的基本单位。在过去的数百年时间里,科学家主要利用显微镜和流式分析等技术,依靠若干表型特征对自然界里不同物种的细胞进行分类和鉴定。这些表型特征的选取往往引入了较多的主观偏见。单细胞测序技术的出现对这一传统的细胞认知体系带来了革命性的变化,并能够对单个细胞内高丰度的基因转录物质进行无差别的分析,从而建立一个普适性的细胞分类系统。

浙江大学医学院干细胞与再生医学中心郭国骥团队致力于单细胞测序领域的相关研究,自主研发了Microwell-seq高通量单细胞分析平台,并于2018年在Cell发表了首个小鼠细胞图谱。

在此基础之上,2020年3月25日,郭国骥团队与浙江大学附属医院张丹团队、王伟林团队、陈江华团队、梁廷波团队和黄河团队等紧密合作在Nature杂志上发表文章 Construction of a Human Cell Landscape at Single-cell Level ,对60种人体组织样品和7种细胞培养样品进行了Microwell-seq高通量单细胞测序分析,系统性地绘制了跨越胚胎和成年两个时期,涵盖八大系统的人类细胞图谱。

该研究充分利用Microwell-seq成本低廉,双细胞污染率低和细胞普适性广等优势,建立了70多万个单细胞的转录组数据库,鉴定了人体100余种细胞大类和800余种细胞亚类。基于该数据库,团队开发了scHCL单细胞比对系统用于人体细胞类型的识别,并搭建了人类细胞蓝图网站http://bis.zju.edu.cn/HCL/(国家基因库镜像https://db.cngb.org/HCL/)。

研究团队发现,多种成人的上皮、内皮和基质细胞在组织中似乎扮演着免疫细胞的角色。趋化因子阳性上皮细胞,抗原呈递阳性内皮细胞和白介素阳性成纤维细胞广泛的分布在成体的各种组织器官之中,并在分类上独立于传统的上皮、内皮、基质和免疫细胞。研究认为成年人非免疫细胞的广泛免疫激活是人体区域免疫的一种重要调节机制。

通过跨时期,跨组织和跨物种的细胞图谱分析,研究团队揭示了一个普适性的哺乳动物细胞命运决定机制:干细胞和祖细胞的转录状态混杂且随机,分化和成熟细胞的转录状态分明且稳定,基因组中的调节子预先决定了分化终端的稳定状态。

该研究首次从单细胞水平上全面分析了胚胎和成年时期的人体细胞种类,研究数据将成为探索细胞命运决定机制的资源宝库,研究方法将对人体正常与疾病细胞状态的鉴定带来深远影响。

郭国骥教授说,“我们的工作在测序深度上存在一定局限性,但是在跨组织和跨物种的数据可比性上有较大优势。完美版的人类细胞图谱还应该整合空间信息,多组学数据和人群分析,这需要全世界科学家的共同努力。”

该论文的第一作者包括浙江大学医学院韩晓平副教授(并列通讯),17级硕士生周子茗,19级博士生费丽江,17级直博生孙慧宇,18级博士生汪仁英,16级直博生陈瑶,博士后陈海德和王晶晶。

原始出处:
Xiaoping Han,et al. Construction of a human cell landscape at single-cell level. Nature.Published: 25 March 2020

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