“专人看专病”的泌尿外科是如何炼成的?

2017-01-04 丹萌 医学界消化频道

到2017年,分级诊疗试点工作应当达到以下标准:一、基层医疗卫生机构建设达标率≥95%,基层医疗卫生机构诊疗量占总诊疗量比例≥65%;二、试点地区30万以上人口的县至少拥有一所二级甲等综合医院和一所二级甲等中医医院,县域内就诊率提高到90%左右,基本实现大病不出县;三、每万名城市居民拥有2名以上全科医生,每个乡镇卫生院拥有1名以上全科医生,城市全科医生签约服务覆盖率≥30%;四、居民2周患病首选基

 “我们科过去的医疗模式像封侯,这个病区的某些床位归谁管,谁就可以做任何手术。”上海交通大学附属仁济医院泌尿科主任薛蔚戴着黑框眼镜,说话语速极快,还自带生动的类比,“现在的团队,成了群狼,虽有主任负责,但下面的医生结构都是‘扁平’的。”

 

薛蔚谈的是仁济医院泌尿科的亚专科发展,却更像讲“段子”,他说过去“分封天下”的时代,层级分明,小医生要得到大发展,不仅要熬很长时间,对专业的领域可能也往往“广而不精”;

 

而到了“群狼”时代,少了“狮子王”坐阵,年轻医生的成长明显快了很多,而且有机会选择自己喜欢的领域进行“精耕”。

 

“这种模式对像我们这样的大医院的发展,应该是必须的。”薛蔚说,“(在我们科,)硬性指派,到我这代大概就结束了。”

 


 

选亚专科像自由恋爱,不怕小众怕不专一

 

薛蔚曾经在科里遇到过一个病人,诊断为后腹膜纤维化——这个病发病率很低,几乎没有医生研究,病人来了之后,确诊了,却难以继续治疗。

 

病人后来通过种种途径,发现了美国约翰·霍普金斯医院有一个医生能看这个病,而这个病全世界只有两名医生研究,他不得不远赴美国,接受治疗。

 

“后来治疗效果很好。”薛蔚说,“这件事给我们很大的启发。”

 

现在走进仁济医院,病人在挂号时就会发现,每个泌尿外科医生的名字后面总是带有一个小括号,有的人后面写“前列腺增生”,有的人写“泌尿系结石”。

 

仁济医院泌尿科,目前不仅建有8个亚专业,甚至已经做到了“专人看专病”,同样是肾癌,有的医生擅长早期肾癌,做肾脏保留手术;有的医生则更专注晚期肾癌,手术、靶向治疗、综合治疗一把好手。

 

放眼全国,这已是罕见的细分,但薛蔚仍然不满足,当年那名不得不远赴美国治病的病人始终盘踞在他脑海中,他希望仁济医院的泌尿外科能够“看别人所不能看”“医别人所不能医”。

 

于是在这里,年轻的医生先是不分亚专业,而是在各个亚专科之间“轮转”,5、6年之后,待医生慢慢摸索出自己感兴趣的领域,提出希望钻研的方向,再进行“双向选择”。

 

他从不硬性指派医生的亚专业划分,“现在都讲究自由恋爱,分配也应当自由,”只要医生想好了感兴趣的领域,这个亚专业也确实需要这样一名医生,那么这名“亚专业轮转”结束的医生就能够开始负责自己的“小项目”。

 

他也舍得“放手”,从不担心这些年轻医生想要闯荡的领域过于小众,“只要能把一个手术做精,把全国的病人都吸引过来,即使是很小的病,也是很大的数字。”

 

比如精索静脉曲张,发病率并不高,以前都是动大手术,到了仁济,有医生开始尝试“显微操作”,显微男科慢慢成为一大特色;这里还曾专门引入小儿泌尿的专家,弥补小儿泌尿领域的空缺,在极其“精致”的小儿泌尿手术之外,又派生出泌尿整复的手术;除了儿童,现在还有专门做女性泌尿外科的医生,老年女性的盆底脱垂,在这里也成为了一个“招牌项目”。

 

“我们不能以看普泌为方向,作为三级甲等医院的专科,我们一定要把别人不能解决的事情给解决,别人做得粗的,我们要做得更精。”而一个医生只看一种病,同样的手术同一个人做,正是对这种“精”的追求。

 

疑难杂症,病人“白跑”不超过两次

 

但是亚专业、专病分得如此细致,患者该怎么分辨自己该看哪个医生?

 

薛蔚坦言,“这在刚开始的确是个比较麻烦的问题。”

 

好在亚专科、专病的建立并非一蹴而就,在发展的过程中,仁济医院泌尿科也已经摸索出了减少患者就诊次数的“3种流程”。

 

第一种,便是他们在每个专家的介绍后面会附上专家所看专病,病人会根据自己的病,找到对应专家就诊;

 

而不可避免地,一些人会找错专家,在许多病人的概念里,泌尿外科专家应当精通这一学科的所有疾病诊治。

 

对于这样的情况,仁济医院泌尿科在不同亚专科、专病之间建立了“转诊的绿色通道”,病人找错了专家,就直接推荐其到相应专家那里看诊,并把时间一同安排好,无需从头预约;

 

而对于尚未确诊疾病的患者,仁济医院泌尿外科安排有“普通泌尿”的门诊,这个门诊几乎相当于泌尿外科的“全科”,由高年资住院医、主治医生坐诊,不仅对症分诊,而且会一次性将其怀疑疾病所需的所有检查全部开齐,并告知他对应专病医生的门诊时间,避免病人经常往返。

 

“我们有人监控这些病人该往哪个方向走,如果门诊两次以上看不成的,就要讨论,这个病人下一步应当怎么办。”薛蔚说,“不能让病人没有方向。”

 

三种流程按需启动,保证了患者不用反复进出医院,“这对医生的压力大,”薛蔚说,但这也是对这支团队提出更高的要求。

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    2022-03-20 ms4000000259697472

    主要来分得越细越专业

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    2017-02-15 高宇奎

    亚专科,小而精。大势所趋!

    0

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    2017-01-21 inter158

    亚专科发展够厉害

    0

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    2017-01-18 留练子

    好厉害,细分很重要,可是毕竟只在大城市才能实行,小一点的城市分得细根本没人愿意去干

    0

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    2017-01-16 虈亣靌

    文章很好,经常阅读

    0

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    2017-01-09 inter158

    上海交通大学附属仁济医院泌尿科主任薛蔚

    0

  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1204372, encodeId=90b912043e220, content=主要来分得越细越专业, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a12e5548404, createdName=ms4000000259697472, createdTime=Sun Mar 20 16:55:55 CST 2022, time=2022-03-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=176203, encodeId=26d01e62037a, content=亚专科,小而精。大势所趋!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83eqxyJxNMGwTelhl6emoFX0j04sg1Nv1qT9UtRdwC90TIuHEF9zWbJFNP72Vmncs7zsKpXac9gjtPA/132, createdBy=34af1994468, createdName=高宇奎, createdTime=Wed Feb 15 07:59:32 CST 2017, time=2017-02-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=171863, encodeId=4edd1e186363, content=亚专科发展够厉害, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20151226/IMG567EB873985DE3928.jpg, createdBy=ea941622301, createdName=inter158, createdTime=Sat Jan 21 23:40:11 CST 2017, time=2017-01-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=171226, encodeId=903b1e1226a7, content=好厉害,细分很重要,可是毕竟只在大城市才能实行,小一点的城市分得细根本没人愿意去干, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5KicrVnwRvzBLiagRJtPpQYVSkTbYryOvBPiciaXuS3MQh5HNYFWyUdoL2Dz5iboia5ibHcu5ltbCoqVUOev/0, createdBy=b68f1941953, createdName=留练子, createdTime=Wed Jan 18 23:47:39 CST 2017, time=2017-01-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=170724, encodeId=0efb1e07249f, content=文章很好,经常阅读, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zMoyicyo6ia9f4IuLQAwZoxD6Hx4ibd5CMcOCYhStY6oDibbKK6O2X8iaicldO5ib8j1iapOIobIKCGiczU2A/0, createdBy=56251941490, createdName=虈亣靌, createdTime=Mon Jan 16 13:04:09 CST 2017, time=2017-01-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=169183, encodeId=d35b169183ef, content=上海交通大学附属仁济医院泌尿科主任薛蔚, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20151226/IMG567EB873985DE3928.jpg, createdBy=ea941622301, createdName=inter158, createdTime=Mon Jan 09 23:57:46 CST 2017, time=2017-01-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=168075, encodeId=a06a1680e507, content=努力学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=19, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160304/IMG56D94856B1B5D6405.jpg, createdBy=27931687771, createdName=一个字-牛, createdTime=Thu Jan 05 08:35:18 CST 2017, time=2017-01-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=167915, encodeId=68f016e91570, content=文章真好,己拜读, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=16, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zMoyicyo6ia9f4IuLQAwZoxD6Hx4ibd5CMcOCYhStY6oDibbKK6O2X8iaicldO5ib8j1iapOIobIKCGiczU2A/0, createdBy=56251941490, createdName=虈亣靌, createdTime=Wed Jan 04 13:29:13 CST 2017, time=2017-01-04, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-01-05 一个字-牛

    努力学习

    0

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    2017-01-04 虈亣靌

    文章真好,己拜读

    0

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