BMJ:预防2型糖尿病筛查和治疗策略的诊断准确性和有效性评价

2017-01-05 xing.T MedSci原创

HbA1c对于糖尿病前期的筛查既不敏感,也不特异;空腹血糖较为特异但不敏感。对通过筛查确定的糖尿病前期患者进行干预措施可以预防或延缓试验人群中2型糖尿病发病。由于筛查不够准确,许多人会被误诊导致不需要进行干预的人接受干预,而真正需要干预的人反而未接受干预。这些研究结果表明,单独实施“筛查和治疗”的策略不太可能对大量发病2型糖尿病有重大影响。

最近,顶级杂志BMJ上发表了一篇研究文章,旨在评估糖尿病前期患者糖尿病前期筛查试验的诊断准确性和预防2型糖尿病发病的干预措施(生活方式或二甲双胍)的疗效。

研究人员通过系统回顾与荟萃分析来实现。研究人员检索了Medline、Embase、Premedline、Google Scholar等数据库。研究者将研究设计、方法和结果等数据提取到Excel电子表格中;由第二个研究人员对20%的研究样本进行了检查。筛查试验中提取的数据包括诊断准确率和人群患病率。进行了两个荟萃分析,一个分析总结了糖尿病前期筛查试验的准确性(以口服葡萄糖耐量试验为标准);另一个分析评估了进行生活方式或二甲双胍干预后进展为2型糖尿病的风险。研究者纳入了评估糖尿病前期患者筛查试验准确性的实证性研究。对经筛查确定的对照人群进行干预(随机试验和干预性研究),没有语言限制。

研究人员共浏览了2874篇文献,对148篇论文(涵盖了138项研究)进行了全面的审查。最后分析纳入了49个筛查试验(其中5个是患病率的研究)和50个干预试验的研究。尽管不同的研究采用了不同的临界值,对于糖尿病前期的筛查,糖化血蛋白(HbA1c)的平均灵敏度为0.49(95%可信区间为0.40-0.58),特异性为0.79(0.73-0.84)。空腹血糖的平均敏感性为0.25(0.19-0.32)和特异性为0.94(0.92-0.96)。不同的血糖异常指标识别不同的亚群(例如,47%的HbA1c异常患者,其他血糖指标没有异常)。从六个月至六年,生活方式干预可以减少36%(28%-43%)的2型糖尿病的相对风险,在后续的随访中衰减到20%(8%-31%)。

由此可见,HbA1c对于糖尿病前期的筛查既不敏感,也不特异;空腹血糖较为特异但不敏感。对通过筛查确定的糖尿病前期患者进行干预措施可以预防或延缓试验人群中2型糖尿病发病。由于筛查不够准确,许多人会被误诊导致不需要进行干预的人接受干预,而真正需要干预的人反而未接受干预。这些研究结果表明,单独实施“筛查和治疗”的策略不太可能对大量发病2型糖尿病有重大影响。

原始出处:

Eleanor Barry, et al. Efficacy and effectiveness of screen and treat policies in prevention of type 2 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis of screening tests and interventions. BMJ.04 January 2017.

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    2017-01-28 gaoxiaoe
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    2017-01-07 huagfeg