Sci Signal:华人学者干细胞研究新突破,单一分子即可高效诱导血管关键细胞

2018-02-14 佚名 生物360

由于在医疗上的巨大潜力,干细胞技术在近年来得到了诸多关注。如今,我们已经找到了将普通细胞诱导成多能干细胞的方法,而这些干细胞也有分化成众多不同类型细胞的潜力。然而,如何将这些干细胞选择性分化成研究人员想要的细胞,依然是一个有待解决的问题。

由于在医疗上的巨大潜力,干细胞技术在近年来得到了诸多关注。如今,我们已经找到了将普通细胞诱导成多能干细胞的方法,而这些干细胞也有分化成众多不同类型细胞的潜力。然而,如何将这些干细胞选择性分化成研究人员想要的细胞,依然是一个有待解决的问题。


▲本研究的通讯作者 Jonathan Lin 教授(图片来源:加州大学圣地亚哥分校)

今日,《科学》子刊《Science Signaling》刊登了一篇来自加州大学圣地亚哥分校(UCSD)的研究。华人学者 Jonathan Lin 教授与他的团队意外发现,一种分子可以将干细胞诱导成为血管。这有望用于中风或是心脏病的细胞疗法。

Jonathan Lin 教授以阐明 ATF6 基因与遗传学眼病之间的关系而知名。Lin 教授的团队曾发现,如果患者的 ATF6 基因发生突变,患者眼底黄斑区中心小窝(fovea)就会出现异常,而这一区域对于视觉的清晰度至关重要。因此,这些患者自出生起,视觉就极受影响。更糟糕的是,这种遗传病无药可治。

几年前,Lin 教授的团队表明 ATF6 蛋白是一款转录因子,能控制基因的“开”和“关”。在干细胞的发育中,这一蛋白处于自然“开启”状态。因此,它的突变会引起一系列严重后果,包括视觉的损害。

这项研究刊登后,立刻在患者群体中造成了反响。Lin 教授称,全球各地有类似视觉障碍的患者纷纷联系他的实验室,想了解自己是否带有 ATF6 基因突变。另外,为了了解和改善自己的病情,这些患者也主动申请参与后续的研究。

Lin 教授团队的最新研究正是基于和患者们的合作。在纽约,有一个家庭饱受遗传性眼疾困扰——他们有三个孩子的 ATF6 基因都缺乏完整的功能。为了了解能否激活这些基因,研究人员们提取了他们的表皮细胞,让它们“返老还童”,变成了诱导多能干细胞。随后,研究人员们与同处加州圣地亚哥的 Scripps 研究所合作,寻找能在干细胞中激活 ATF6 的分子。

Scripps 研究所的科学家们从数百万个化学分子中进行大规模的筛选,并使用机器人技术,测试这些分子能否顺利激活 ATF6。大规模筛选的结果找到了 10 个看上去“很有潜力”的分子,他们被送往 Lin 教授的实验室,等待下一步分析。


▲AA147 的分子结构式(图片来源:《Science Signaling》)

“我们不确定能找到什么,”Lin 教授说道:“我们只是希望有一个分子能起到一定程度上的积极效果。”

然而结果让科学家大为欣喜。他们发现,一种叫做 AA147 的分子能在干细胞中显着激活 ATF6,并且改变细胞的分化途径。在 AA147 的作用下,干细胞主要分化为了内皮细胞,这是组成血管的关键细胞。


▲本研究的图示(图片来源:《Science Signaling》)

“通常来说,干细胞能分化成许多不同的细胞类型,但很难让它们产生大量特定的细胞类型,”Lin 教授说道:“然而经过 AA147 的处理,培养皿中大约 70% 的细胞转化成了内皮细胞,而它们可以形成血管。这是我所知道能用实验方法制造血管最高效的方法。”

尽管取得了出色的实验结果,Lin 教授依旧保持着谨慎。他说,这并不代表 AA147 已经成为了一款真正的药物。首先,这些结果只在实验室的培养皿中得到了重复;其次,研究人员使用的 AA147 浓度也很高。为了检验这款药物的临床价值,我们需要对它进行优化,降低所需的剂量,并通过临床试验,验证它的安全性与有效性。

而关于团队的最新发现,Lin 教授认为,这提供了关于 ATF6 功能的重要信息,有助于让我们理解它的失活如何引起眼疾。此外,这个发现也有望应用到其他和血管相关的疾病中。

原始出处:

Jeffrey J. Rodvold, Kevin T. Chiu, Nobuhiko Hiramatsu,et al. Intercellular transmission of the unfolded protein response promotes survival and drug resistance in cancer cells. Sci. Signal.  06 Jun 2017: Vol. 10, Issue 482, eaah7177. DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aah7177.

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    2018-09-05 楚秀娟
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    2018-05-30 zxxiang
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    2018-05-01 yaanren
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    2018-02-14 1e145228m78(暂无匿称)

    学习了.谢谢作者分享!

    0

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