截肢术后出现自身免疫性溶血性贫血1例

2018-12-07 姜健 孙强 丁海祥 .临床骨科杂志

患者,男,44岁,2017年4月12日不慎被机器绞伤右下肢,右下肢自膝关节处完全离断,处于失血性休克状态。

临床资料

患者,男,44岁,2017年4月12日不慎被机器绞伤右下肢,右下肢自膝关节处完全离断,处于失血性休克状态。入院后积极补液的同时完善相关检查,于联合阻滞麻醉下急诊行右下肢完全离断伤截肢术。术后入住ICU。术后血常规:WBC7.7×109/L,RBC2.84×1012/L,HGB89g/L,PLT75×109/L。术后第1天输4U去白悬浮红细胞、360ml冰冻血浆,冷沉淀20U,无输血不良反应。输血后复查血常规:WBC8.5×109/L,RBC3.12×1012/L,HGB97g/L,PLT85×109/L。术后第2天输2U去白悬浮红细胞、200ml冰冻血浆,无输血不良反应。

次日清晨复查血常规:WBC6.1×109/L,RBC3.63×1012/L,HGB114g/L,PLT87×109/L。待病情平稳后转入普通病房。术后第5天清晨复查血常规:WBC5.5×109/L,RBC4.11×1012/L,HGB126g/L,PLT118×109/L,指标基本恢复正常。患者于术后16d出现浓茶色尿,无泌尿系其他阳性体征,意识清晰,对答切题。查体:全身皮肤及黏膜无黄染,无皮疹及皮下出血点,面色略苍白,心肺正常,肝脾不大。实验室检查:尿常规:WBC+,潜血+++,蛋白+++,酮体、胆红素及尿胆原+,RBC220个/μl。次日复查尿常规未见明显改善。

自身免疫抗体谱:ANA-,dsNDA-,抗dsDNA、ENA自身免疫抗体谱、自身免疫性肝病及ANCA检验结果均阴性;免疫球蛋白A3.9g/L,补体C1q235.52mg/L,免疫球蛋白M、免疫球蛋白G及补体C3正常;血常规:WBC4.1×109/L,RBC2.95×1012/L,HGB90g/L,PLT101×109/L,网织红细胞4.55%,未成熟网织红细胞15.1%;直接及间接Commb实验阳性,总胆红素47.4μmol/L,非结合胆红素36.8μmol/L,乳酸脱氢酶4145U/L。红细胞膜缺陷实验(冷凝集试验、D-L试验、红细胞膜渗透脆性试验、酸溶血试验、酸化甘油溶血试验)均为阴性;酶缺陷(葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶、丙酮酸激酶、嘧啶5'核苷酸酶)及血红蛋白病检测均未见异常;凝血功能正常;肝炎病毒检测抗原阴性,支原体培养、真菌培养、淋球菌培养及尿培养菌落计数均为阴性。

讨论

依据2017年最新自身免疫性溶血性贫血(AIHA)诊断标准,初步诊断为原发性AIHA(温抗体型),予以甲泼尼龙琥珀酸钠40mg配100ml葡萄糖注射液,qdiv,同时予以碱化尿液、保肝、补液等对症治疗。治疗2d后,见浓茶色尿液转变成淡黄色尿液;治疗3d后复查血常规:WBC6.9×109/L,RBC3.00×1012/L,HGB93g/L,HCT27.60%,PLT110×109/L;肝功能:总胆红素9.3μmol/L,非结合胆红素6.2μmol/L,实验室结果均明显好转。患者治疗8d后,各项指标趋向正常且无明显不适,患者因经济原因要求出院。出院后3个月保持电话随访,患者无明显不适。

原始出处:

姜健,孙强,丁海祥等.截肢术后出现自身免疫性溶血性贫血1例[J].临床骨科杂志,2018,21(5):544.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1008-0287.2018.05.011.

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