JEM:南医大新发现罕见病多发性硬化症的一个致病蛋白

2019-12-30 陈席元 新华网

多发性硬化症是一种罕见病,患者身体逐渐硬化,被称为“木偶人”。记者29日从南京医科大学了解到,该校科研人员新近发现一种与多发性硬化症相关的蛋白,有望为患者提供新的治疗思路。

多发性硬化症是一种罕见病,患者身体逐渐硬化,被称为“木偶人”。记者29日从南京医科大学了解到,该校科研人员新近发现一种与多发性硬化症相关的蛋白,有望为患者提供新的治疗思路。

该蛋白名为GSDMD,南医大杨硕教授课题组在小鼠实验中发现,它能够加剧疾病发展,将其抑制则能够有效缓解临床症状。

据介绍,多发性硬化症常见于20岁至40岁的中青年群体。患者的神经髓鞘破损剥落,导致脊髓、大脑以及视神经功能受损。多发性硬化症的致残率高,发病10年至20年后,患者逐步丧失自理能力,失明甚至失去生命。

杨硕告诉记者,多发性硬化症的病因是免疫系统中的T细胞“失控”,攻击自身神经系统。“以往研究发现,人体内的炎症小体会释放炎性物质,导致T细胞被异常激活。”杨硕说,目前临床首选用药的机理就是抑制炎症小体,希望借此“控制”T细胞。

但他表示,这种治疗方案只对约35%的病人有效,对我国以视神经炎为主要症状的患者则效果不佳,甚至会加重病情。

杨硕介绍,细胞炎性坏死的过程被称为“焦亡”。相关研究已发现,被称为“焦亡执行者”的GSDMD蛋白在多种炎症反应疾病中起重要作用。

小鼠实验证实,当外周髓系细胞被GSDMD“执行”焦亡时,将引发炎症微环境,促进T细胞在外周淋巴器官攻击中枢神经系统,加剧小鼠多发性硬化症的症状;如果小鼠缺失GSDMD或该蛋白受到抑制,细胞焦亡也会受到抑制,释放的炎性物质明显减少,T细胞活性也会减弱,小鼠症状得到缓解。

“从免疫学角度看,这项研究为我们理解多发性硬化症的致病机理提供了新的视角。”杨硕说。

该成果近日在《实验医学杂志》在线发表。

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    2020-10-23 jml2009
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    2020-01-04 jin321

    新的进展

    0

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    2020-01-01 syscxl

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