Blood:肠道微生物代谢物三甲胺N-氧化物通过诱导M1巨噬细胞极化加重GVHD

2020-04-24 网络 网络

胆碱源性或口服肠道微生物代谢物三甲胺N-氧化物可加重GVHD。 三甲胺N-氧化物可通过NLRP33炎症小体激活增强M1巨噬细胞极化。

人体微生物群落的多样性预示着肠道微生物代谢物对同种异体移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)影响的差异性,尽管短链脂肪酸和吲哚已被证明可以减轻其严重程度。本研究分析了胆碱代谢物三甲胺N-氧化物(TMAO)在小鼠GVHD过程中的作用。

TMAO或高胆碱饮食可增强同种异体GVH反应,而胆碱类似物3,3-二甲基-1-丁醇可逆转TMAO诱导的GVHD严重程度。有趣的是,在GVHD小鼠中可观察到TMAO诱导的同种异体T细胞增殖和T辅助细胞(Th)亚型分化,但在体外培养中未观察到。

因此,研究人员进一步研究了巨噬细胞极化的作用,这是体外培养系统所不具备的。在TMAO诱导的GVHD组织和TMAO培养的骨髓来源的巨噬细胞(BMDMs)中,F4/80+CD11b+CD16/32+ M1巨噬细胞和特征基因IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α、CXCL9和CXCL10水平增加。抑制NLRP3炎症小体可逆转TMAO刺激的M1特征,提示NLRP3是巨噬细胞对氧化三甲胺刺激反应的关键蛋白水解激活因子。

与此一致,在TMAO刺激的BMDMs中观察到了线粒体活性氧和增强的NF-κB核重定位。敲除GVHD受体的NLRP3,不仅可封闭M1激活,而且在TMAO治疗的情况下也可逆转GVHD的严重程度。

综上所述,本研究揭示了TMAO诱导的GVHD进展是由Th1和Th17分化导致的,这是由依赖NLRP3炎症小体激活的极化的M1巨噬细胞介导的。本研究提供了宿主胆碱饮食、微生物代谢物与GVH反应之间的联系,为通过控制胆碱饮食减轻GVHD提供了依据。

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    2020-04-26 陈吴1239
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