JAMA Oncology:这一手段竟检出20年无死亡风险的乳腺癌患者,治疗是否存在过度?

2017-07-13 guojiangui 肿瘤资讯

近年来,乳腺癌的死亡率逐年下降,主要原因之一是乳腺癌筛查的广泛开展,使得癌症得以早期诊断和早期治疗。然而,早期筛查导致的过度治疗或适得其反,且由此导致乳腺癌患者的过度恐惧会降低其生活质量。近日,一项发表在《JAMA Oncology》杂志上的研究表明,其研究的一项新的检测方法,可能有助于确定死亡风险最低的乳腺癌患者,从而帮助她们避免不必要的治疗。

近年来,乳腺癌的死亡率逐年下降,主要原因之一是乳腺癌筛查的广泛开展,使得癌症得以早期诊断和早期治疗。然而,早期筛查导致的过度治疗或适得其反,且由此导致乳腺癌患者的过度恐惧会降低其生活质量。近日,一项发表在《JAMA Oncology》杂志上的研究表明,其研究的一项新的检测方法,可能有助于确定死亡风险最低的乳腺癌患者,从而帮助她们避免不必要的治疗。

乳腺癌是女性最常见的癌症形式,是女性癌症相关死亡的第二大疾病。乳腺癌筛查可以降低乳腺癌相关的死亡风险,但这也会导致一些早期乳腺癌接受过度治疗。以往,我们并没有办法区分手术治疗后复发风险如何,也没有工具能够准确地预测患者的5年生存率。如今,上述状况可能会得到明显改善。一项由加利福尼亚大学旧金山分校(UCSF)的研究人员与瑞典各大学的科学家合作,发现一种分子检测方法,可以帮助预测乳腺癌患者的死亡风险。

该检测方法称为Mamma Print,2007年已被美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)批准。 Mamma Print基于肿瘤组织本身的生物学行为,检测其中与肿瘤复发密切相关的70个基因,从而确定肿瘤长期复发风险,进而确定患者是否需要辅助化疗。

这项新的研究总共涵盖了652名乳腺癌术后妇女,确定了其中98例为MP(Mamma Print)超低风险组,在MP非超低风险组中又根据肿瘤直径>20mm组(136例患者)和≤20mm组(其中包括234例患者MP低风险组和184例MP高风险组)。根据Mamma Print检测结果和患者的临床信息而做出的风险分层系统及各风险组的生存曲线,见图1。


图1:A 根据MP检测结果,分为MP超低风险组(98例),而另外554例患者,根据肿瘤直径的大小,分为>20mm组(136例)和≤20mm组(234例属于MP低风险组,184例属于MP高风险组);B 根据随访数据,对这四组患者进行生存分析。

科学意义:

随着肿瘤筛查的广泛开展,发现具有惰性行为的肿瘤越来越多。所以需要更好的工具来发现具有惰性行为的肿瘤,以避免这类肿瘤的过度治疗。

科学问题:

确定多基因分型是否与女性浸润性乳腺癌的惰性行为有关(随访时间为20年)。

研究设置:

该研究是一项针对他莫昔芬与无全身治疗的随机临床试验的二次分析,随访时间超过20年。本研究简历建立了Mamma Print 70基因表达评分系统(该系统于2007年获得美国食品和药物管理局FDA批准),该系统确定了一个惰性阈值(超低风险),超过此阈值的患者15年后,在没有全身治疗的情况下发生乳腺癌死亡。从福尔马林固定石蜡包埋的原发性肿瘤块进行Mamma Print风险评分,其中727名女性采用免疫组化检测,652名女性采用安捷伦芯片检测。参与者是1976年至1990年在斯德哥尔摩他莫昔芬(STO-3)试验中接受乳腺切除术或乳房切除术和放射治疗的临床检测到的淋巴结阴性乳腺癌的绝经后妇女。

研究终点:

经过2年的他莫昔芬vs无全身治疗,无论激素受体状态如何,再次复发的患者进一步随机分为3年组或无复发组。主要结果与结果分析方法是通过Kaplan-Meier分析和多因素Cox比例风险模型评估乳腺癌特异性生存,通过治疗,患者年龄,诊断年份,肿瘤大小,分级,激素受体和ERBB2 / HER2和Ki67状态等调整。

研究结果:

在行乳腺X线检查前淋巴结检查为阴性的绝经后女性的二次分析中,共入组652例Mamma Print评分(中位年龄62.8岁)女性,其中377例(58%)和275例(42%)为Mamma Print 低风险和高风险,而98例(15%)为超低风险。

随访20年后,70基因表达高和表达低、但不是超低风险的女性肿瘤患者,比超低风险肿瘤的女性肿瘤患者特异性肿瘤死亡率增高。通过Cox回归分析发现,前者的HR为4.73 [95% CI, 1.38-16.22],后者的HR为4.54 [95% CI, 1.40-14.80]。15年以内超低风险组经他莫昔芬治疗并无死亡,其患者的20年特异性生存率为97%,而未治疗患者的生存率为94%。递归划分将Mamma Print分析系统视为预后良好最重要预测指标。通过Mamma Print分析系统,可将Mamma Print高风险组中肿瘤直径≤20mm组病人分为MP低风险但不是超低风险组,这部分病人的预后也很好。

结论和相关性:

70-基因 Mamma Print 分析系统的超低风险阈值可鉴别出仅手术治疗后长期肿瘤特异性死亡风险极低的病人。

点评:

基于Mamma Print分析系统的预测结果,可为新发乳腺癌患者提供更为科学的治疗方案,避免过度治疗,减轻患者的经济和心理负担。

原始出处:

Laura J Esserman, Christina Yau, Carlie K Thompson, et al.Use of Molecular Tools to Identify Patients with Indolent Breast Cancers with Ultralow Risk Over 2 Decades. JAMA Oncol. Published online June 29, 2017.

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    2017-07-14 半夏微凉

    学习了谢谢分享

    0

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    2017-07-13 Y—xianghai

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    2017-07-13 执着追梦

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