BMJ:美国一年25万人死于医疗过失,仅次于心脏病和癌症

2016-05-05 Mechront&KL MedSci原创

近期发表在BMJ的分析显示,2013年在美国,医疗差错是导致死亡的第三大原因,仅次于心脏病和癌症。研究人员指出,每年CDC统计典型死亡原因时,依赖于医生、法医、验尸官等根据ICD编码进行分类,但是人为或系统差错导致的死亡并没有对应的ICD编码,所以没有相关记录。“WHO表示有117个国家根据ICD编码对死因进行分析统计以及健康状态的指标,”约翰霍普金斯大学医学院外科部门的Marin A. Maka

根据《英国医学杂志》(BMJ)最新的一项统计,在美国,医疗过失(medical error)已经成为第三大致死原因,仅次于心脏病和癌症。



维基百科中指出,medical error是指可预防的不良医疗事件,包括不准确或不全面的诊断或治疗。医疗过失包括医疗过错和人为过错,通常是指人为的差错,但这一定义是充满争议的。

这项研究的负责人约翰霍普金斯大学医学院的Marin A. Makary教授在一次采访中,表示“医疗过失”的范围很广,人们不仅仅因为心脏病或是病毒感染而死去。低效率的沟通,不完全的医疗保障,误诊以及过度服药都是致死的重要原因。而这些都可以统称为医疗过失。

研究人员指出,每年CDC统计典型死亡原因时,依赖于医生、法医、验尸官等根据ICD编码进行分类,但是人为或系统差错导致的死亡并没有对应的ICD编码,所以没有相关记录。

“WHO表示有117个国家根据ICD编码对死因进行分析统计以及健康状态的指标,”Marin A. Makary教授和同事写道,“仅仅依靠ICD编码对死因进行分类是不行的,因为这些疾病编码不能体现医疗过失。”

因此研究者对文献进行了分析,估计美国医疗过失对死因的贡献。1999医学研究所报告是分析美国每年医疗过失所致死亡的最常用文献,大约每年有44,000 - 98,000例死亡。

因为该份报告是“有限和过时的”,研究人员对自1999年发表的报告进行了分析计算,评估医疗过失所致死亡的平均速率,虽然报告不是医疗研究所基于初步研究所得出的,但是基于1984年哈佛医疗实践研究和1992年犹他州和科罗拉多州研究所得出的。

据研究人员介绍,2013年美国医疗过失致死亡平均数为251,454例。CDC数据表明,当年死因排第一的是心脏病,为611000例死亡;死亡排第二的为癌症,占585,000例死亡。 

此前,在接受法新社的采访时,Makary教授曾表示,多数富裕的发达国家都面临同美国严重程度相当的医疗过失致死问题。而在一些发展中国家,这一情况可能更加严重。“我怀疑在一些非洲国家,低质量的医疗致死的病例可能比HIV与疟疾合起来还多。”

Makary及其同事写道:“我们认为仅仅依靠医疗记录里的医疗过失和住院死亡,会低估医疗过失所致死亡。当前的分析准确度十分有限,对该问题进行全国的系统性的调查迫在眉睫。”

原始出处:

Makary MA and Daniel M, BMJ. Medical error—the third leading cause of death in the US2016;doi:10.1136/bmj.i2139.

Medical error third-leading cause of death in US.Healio.May 4, 2016

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    2016-12-09 gaoxiaoe
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1847978, encodeId=e0cd184e97816, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2977356edc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#BMJ#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3567, encryptionId=2977356edc, topicName=BMJ)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=148754, createdName=gaoxiaoe, createdTime=Fri Dec 09 07:46:00 CST 2016, time=2016-12-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=106965, encodeId=bf3b106965e3, content=深入学习,好文值得点赞!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7s7ZCKOmmbBTD6nE7gcd5OZpvyGEzkxBP3S275k5ZJVrsPkotZhBglRHM9rKvcj1OgkssqhcnoPw8zIaMZTF8c/0, createdBy=4c441942088, createdName=ylzr123, createdTime=Mon Aug 29 20:37:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=84737, encodeId=1a8184e3793, content=就是这样的, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=124, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160509/IMG572FCF18A71237916.jpg, createdBy=d0861720708, createdName=stead, createdTime=Sun May 08 13:45:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=84511, encodeId=cd5884511ca, content=美国都这样,中国不敢想象!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=115, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=93f31631454, createdName=1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sat May 07 16:38:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-07, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-08-29 ylzr123

    深入学习,好文值得点赞!

    0

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    2016-05-08 stead

    就是这样的

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1847978, encodeId=e0cd184e97816, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2977356edc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#BMJ#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3567, encryptionId=2977356edc, topicName=BMJ)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=148754, createdName=gaoxiaoe, createdTime=Fri Dec 09 07:46:00 CST 2016, time=2016-12-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=106965, encodeId=bf3b106965e3, content=深入学习,好文值得点赞!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7s7ZCKOmmbBTD6nE7gcd5OZpvyGEzkxBP3S275k5ZJVrsPkotZhBglRHM9rKvcj1OgkssqhcnoPw8zIaMZTF8c/0, createdBy=4c441942088, createdName=ylzr123, createdTime=Mon Aug 29 20:37:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=84737, encodeId=1a8184e3793, content=就是这样的, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=124, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160509/IMG572FCF18A71237916.jpg, createdBy=d0861720708, createdName=stead, createdTime=Sun May 08 13:45:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=84511, encodeId=cd5884511ca, content=美国都这样,中国不敢想象!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=115, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=93f31631454, createdName=1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sat May 07 16:38:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-07, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-05-07 1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称)

    美国都这样,中国不敢想象!

    0