乳腺癌多学科诊疗(MDT):实现精准治疗 改善患者就医体验

2019-12-19 佚名 医谷

乳腺癌是中国女性最常见的恶性肿瘤,多学科会诊的MDT治疗模式是提升乳腺癌患者治疗水平的重要模式。国家卫生健康委也强调,要积极推广多学科诊疗模式,开展多学科诊疗门诊及单病种多学科病例讨论和联合查房等制度,促进多学科诊疗团队的发展,提升肿瘤疾病的综合诊治水平和患者医疗服务舒适性。

乳腺癌是中国女性最常见的恶性肿瘤,多学科会诊的MDT治疗模式是提升乳腺癌患者治疗水平的重要模式。国家卫生健康委也强调,要积极推广多学科诊疗模式,开展多学科诊疗门诊及单病种多学科病例讨论和联合查房等制度,促进多学科诊疗团队的发展,提升肿瘤疾病的综合诊治水平和患者医疗服务舒适性。

日前,中山大学附属肿瘤医院与广西医科大学附属肿瘤医院在南宁召开乳腺癌MDT交流论坛。与会专家围绕乳腺癌MDT模式推动精准治疗、改善患者就医体验等主题深入交流经验,畅想未来,并提出了不少宝贵意见。

实体肿瘤治疗的标杆

“尽管我国乳腺癌发病率很高,但整体综合治疗水平还好,治愈率尤其是早期治愈率比较高。”中山大学附属肿瘤医院内科乳腺病区主任王树森教授讲到。

据王树森介绍,在MDT多学科诊疗理念的推动下,我们对于乳腺癌的诊断以及发生发展规律,再到愈后的整体判断,都有了很大的提升。随着技术的进步,MDT模式对乳腺癌的精准治疗也越来越重要。以乳腺癌的认识为例,从宏观角度来讲,乳腺肿瘤通过影像检查可以看到。而从微观的分子角度来看,可以把乳腺癌分成不同分子分型,比如有三阴性的、HER2阳性的,而且还可以进一步细分。

“可以说,乳腺癌MDT诊疗是实体肿瘤治疗、多学科诊疗的一个标杆。通过MDT诊疗模式,我国乳腺癌患者的5年生存率目前达到了83.2%。” 广西医科大学附属肿瘤医院乳腺外科主任莫钦国强调,采用MDT模式治疗乳腺癌,在促进中国乳腺癌诊疗水平的同时,也改善了乳腺癌患者诊疗的体验和治疗效果,更加有利于实现健康中国2030年中国癌症总体五年生存率提高15%的目标。

切实帮助患者提高生活质量

治疗疾病是专科医生当仁不让的责任,但同时也要兼顾患者的生活质量,以患者为中心,选择治疗方式、药物剂量等。“我们关注点不仅是乳腺癌疾病本身,更要关注患者本身作为一个人,她的生活质量。”这是王树森面对患者时,一直坚持的信念和标准。

在王树森看来,无论早期乳腺癌还是晚期乳腺癌都面临这样的问题。以乳腺癌治疗来说,切除乳腺、治愈乳腺癌是一种方法,同时,保留乳房、切除肿瘤也是一种方法。那么,怎样让患者更健康、更美丽、质量更高的活着呢?这是我们医生一定要考虑的问题。晚期乳腺癌有化疗、靶向治疗等不同治疗手段时,更要考虑治疗本身可能会给患者生活质量带来的影响,比如关注于减轻骨转移乳腺癌患者的疼痛。

MDT多学科诊疗模式,在提高患者的生活质量方面,也展现了极大的优势。乳腺癌治疗不仅有手术医生、内科医生、放疗医生的参与,现在也离不开分子学家、心理专家、整形专家的支持和干预。只有在多学科的参与下,才能够给患者提供更完善、更优化的治疗方案,更大程度上提高患者的生活质量。

“双靶治疗”为HER2阳性乳腺癌患者带来福音

HER2阳性乳腺癌一度被称为‘最凶乳腺癌’,HER2阳性乳腺癌患者占我国乳腺癌患者的四分之一。传统治疗方案中,手术和辅助化疗的HER2阳性乳腺癌10年内复发风险高达40%以上。赫赛汀治疗+化疗的辅助治疗方案明显提高患者生存率,但部分患者也面临着一个复发问题。

而莫钦国教授表示,通过双靶治疗(赫赛汀+帕妥珠+化疗),HER2阳性乳腺癌患者的复发风险明显降低。特别是高复发风险患者的复发率降低接近25%,淋巴结阳性亚组患者和激素受体阴性亚组患者复发率分别降低了23%和24%。在中国患者的亚组方面的分析,这个复发风险降低更多,达到45%-50%的水平,这个是双靶辅助治疗患者的预后明显的改善。

另一方面,双靶新辅助治疗方案也明显提高了乳腺癌的治愈率,pCR率比单靶疗效提高近一倍。“有了双靶治疗方案,对于HER2阳性乳腺癌患者是一个福音。不仅可以实现早期治愈,更有助于实现十年无复发生存。”

打造精准医学下的MDT治疗模式

恶性肿瘤是多基因、多步骤、发生发展的过程,治疗有手术、放疗、化疗、内分泌、靶向等多种治疗手段。所以肿瘤的诊疗必须要多学科联合才能获得最好的治疗效果。那么,如何实现肿瘤患者的精准治疗?广西医科大学附属肿瘤医院副院长苏丹珂教授看来,这离不开规范化、序贯化、综合化、个性化的MDT治疗模式。

首先,规范是通过循证和科学研究得到的科学数据来证实的。其次是综合,因为十八般武艺单打独斗肯定治不好肿瘤,手术后没有后续的放疗、化疗、生物靶向治疗和免疫治疗等,患者可能达不到治愈目的,得不到最好的治疗效果。再者,综合还要讲序贯,这个序贯是规范的程序,比如是外科还是内科先治疗,哪些学科同时治疗,哪些学科分开序贯?最后,所有的规范化综合、序贯,是肿瘤患者个性化治疗的前提,而规范化、序贯化、综合化、个性化是肿瘤最好治疗效果的保证。

有了MDT多学科治疗肿瘤的模式,如何打造一支高效、高质量的MDT团队呢?苏副院长强调,要有“四定”,即定病种、定时间、定地点、定专家团队。“专家不是今天这个明天那个,而是一个固定的专家团队。而且,在专家团队中,还会设置首席专家统筹协调,以保证规范、序贯、综合、个性化的治疗模式。”另外,合格的MDT多学科专家诊疗团队,还必须有配置齐全的亚学科或者亚学科专家。或者从分工角度来讲, MDT团队不仅要有医学专家,也有要管理专家。

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    2019-12-21 jiangfeng5070

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