SCI TRANSL MED :特定的T细胞,过敏的罪魁祸首

2017-08-04 佚名 生物探索

花粉、花生、牛奶、宠物毛、螨虫、青霉素、霉菌……很多看似寻常且无害的物品对于一些人而言,却是不得不避免的过敏原。这些物质会促使免疫系统过激反应,造成一系列过敏性伤害。 当免疫系统对过敏原发生错误的判断,做出过激的反应,即会导致过敏。这些症状的罪魁祸首是一组辅助T细胞——TH2细胞。但是,并不是所有的TH2细胞都是“有罪”的,甚至于一些TH2细胞负责保护机体免于病原体的入侵,发挥着关键作用。

花粉、花生、牛奶、宠物毛、螨虫、青霉素、霉菌……很多看似寻常且无害的物品对于一些人而言,却是不得不避免的过敏原。这些物质会促使免疫系统过激反应,造成一系列过敏性伤害。
免疫系统对过敏原发生错误的判断,做出过激的反应,即会导致过敏。这些症状的罪魁祸首是一组辅助T细胞——TH2细胞。但是,并不是所有的TH2细胞都是“有罪”的,甚至于一些TH2细胞负责保护机体免于病原体的入侵,发挥着关键作用。

那么,如何从TH2细胞中筛选出引发过敏反应的“坏分子”?这比较难。

1封面文章:引发过敏的特定免疫细胞

8月2日,《Science Translational Medicine》期刊以封面的形式刊登了一篇文章,揭示了一种与过敏直接相关的特殊免疫细胞。通过靶向这类细胞集合,我们有望评估患者是否存在过敏,并找到阻止过敏发生的方法。

来自于西雅图Benaroya 研究所的免疫学家Erik Wambre和William Kwok带领团队招募对花粉过敏的人,采集他们的血液作为样本。研究发现,这些患者血液中的TH2细胞中有一类特殊的类别——TH2A细胞,能够识别、响应过敏原,因为它们携带有与过敏原相匹配的受体。相比于传统的TH2细胞,TH2A细胞属于记忆TH2细胞,其细胞表面表达有特殊的标签——CRTH2、CD49d和CD161。结果显示,过敏患者血液中存在很多TH2A细胞。

研究团队选取接受口服免疫疗法缓解花生过敏的患者作为研究对象,治疗20周后,这些参与者对花生的敏感度显着降低。更重要的是,治疗后,患者血液中的TH2A细胞数量下降了90%。这意味着,靶向TH2A细胞能够诊疗过敏反应。

2以TH2A细胞为目标,血液检测过敏反应

目前,医生们多借助皮肤点刺试验或者血液检测评估患者是否会对特定的化合物过敏。但是这些检测并不一定完全准确,且对抗过敏的免疫疗法缺少一个公认的评估方法。

借助于特殊的表面标志,Wambre团队开发出一种血液检测,能够从防御病原体的辅助TH2细胞中鉴定出引发过敏的TH2A细胞。“这些细胞存在于所有过敏人群中,对于没有过敏症的人而言,它们几乎不存在。” Wambre强调道。

其他科学家对这一研究表示了肯定,但是也注意到局限性。ALK制药企业的高级研究员Peter Adler Wurtzen表示,这一检测可以用于评估长期过敏治疗的有效性,从而有助于新药物的开发。但是他对于血液检测用于检测过敏持怀疑态度,因为他认为现有的测试已经足够。

也有学者认为,新的血液检测有望对过敏诊断和治疗发挥作用,但是却不能预防过敏。

原始出处:
Erik Wambre, Veronique Bajzik, Jonathan H. DeLong,et al.A phenotypically and functionally distinct human TH2 cell subpopulation is associated with allergic disorders.Science Translational Medicine.02 Aug 2017:Vol. 9, Issue 401, eaam9171DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aam9171

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    2018-02-04 bsmagic9140
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    2017-08-04 159****9725

    厉害了

    0

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    2017-08-04 Y—xianghai

    学习了新知识

    0

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    2017-08-04 1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称)

    学习了,涨知识

    0

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    2017-08-04 Julie W

    新的血液检测有望对过敏诊断和治疗发挥作用,但是却不能预防过敏。

    0

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