NEJM:全基因组鸟枪法,提高NIPT准确率

2017-01-16 佚名 生物探索

尽管有报道称基于孕妇外周血游离DNA的无创产前筛查的特异性超过98%,但报道的21、18、13三体综合征的阳性预测值却分别为93%、64%和44%。特异性和阳性预测值之间有明显的差异,主要是由于这些疾病的患病率较低、检测技术的局限性以及生物的变异所致,例如双胎消失或胎盘特异性嵌合体。1月12日,《新英格兰医学杂志》展示了一种新方法可以提高NIPT的准确性。2015年,Snyder及其同事曾在《新英


尽管有报道称基于孕妇外周血游离DNA的无创产前筛查的特异性超过98%,但报道的21、18、13三体综合征的阳性预测值却分别为93%、64%和44%。特异性和阳性预测值之间有明显的差异,主要是由于这些疾病的患病率较低、检测技术的局限性以及生物的变异所致,例如双胎消失或胎盘特异性嵌合体。1月12日,《新英格兰医学杂志》展示了一种新方法可以提高NIPT的准确性。


2015年,Snyder及其同事曾在《新英格兰医学杂志》上描述了18三体无创产前筛查假阳性案例,后来被证实假阳性是由孕妇的18号染色体微重复所致。而本次《新英格兰医学杂志》上的新方法也跟识别染色体微重复相关。

研究人员采用全基因组鸟枪法进行无创产前筛查。这种方法能够产生染色体组型。染色体组型指一个生物体内所有染色体的大小、形状和数量信息。这种组型技术可用来寻找染色体畸变与特定疾病的关系,比如:染色体数目的异常增加、形状发生异常变化等。

鉴于Snyder的报道,研究人员对无创产前筛查所得的每个阳性结果进行处理,利用新方法生成并检查染色体组型。对于真正的阳性结果,增读序列会延伸至整个染色体;当存在母体染色体微重复时,增加的序列读取数仅为重复的染色体区域。本研究共涉及了31278名采用无创产前筛查的孕妇,新方法识别出了61例假阳性结果是由母体的13、18、21染色体微重复所致。

在确定染色体组型能准确预测母体染色体微重复之前,研究人员利用微阵列分析的方法证实了疑似微重复的病例,随后在医生的斟酌下开展母体微阵列分析。

微阵列分析显示所有的验证检测都存在母体染色体微重复。新方法确定了母体染色体微重复是假阳性的原因,从而使得21、18、13三体筛查的阳性预测值分别提高至98%、92%以及69%。


21三体综合征的真阳性结果由羊水细胞染色体核型或微阵列分析方法证实,13和18三体综合征真阳性结果由特异性超声异常检测或羊水细胞分析来证实。这些分析对产前筛查的阴性预测值没有影响,因为他们没有发现能代表三体或异常产前超声诊断的证据。研究人员也未收到产科医生或者新生儿医生的不良通知,他们认为这是因为新生儿未出现13或18三体综合征,因而他们估计阴性预测性为100%。

原始出处:Charles M,Megan D,et al.Improving the Accuracy of Prenatal Screening with DNA Copy-Number Analysis.N Engl J Med.January 12, 2017.

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    2017-02-03 墨尔

    这样的实验可能才更有临床说服力。

    0

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    2017-01-18 智慧医人
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    2017-01-16 雾夜芭蕾

    提高筛查比例 准确率

    0

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