JEM:三个月可获得完全缓解!肌酸补充剂增强癌症免疫治疗效果

2019-10-22 Paris 转化医学网

T细胞在介导和协调针对癌症的免疫反应中起着核心作用,而 T细胞的激活及功能的表达需要能量的维持,在癌症免疫治疗过程中,常常因为T细胞功能的不足导致免疫治疗效果差强人意。

导 读: T细胞在介导和协调针对癌症的免疫反应中起着核心作用,而 T细胞的激活及功能的表达需要能量的维持,在癌症免疫治疗过程中,常常因为T细胞功能的不足导致免疫治疗效果差强人意。

近日,加州大学洛杉矶分校的最新研究指出,补充肌酸可显著抑制多种肿瘤小鼠的肿瘤生长。不仅如此,补充肌酸与检查点抑制剂阻断治疗(例如PD-1 / PD-L1阻断)联合可协同阻止肿瘤组织生长。



实验最初,研究人员想要做的仅仅是对肿瘤浸润T淋巴细胞代谢需求的研究,而通过观察这些细胞,研究小组发现从肿瘤内部获得的杀伤性T细胞拥有大量肌酸转运分子,这些分子位于细胞表面并控制肌酸吸收进入细胞。显然,这些与肿瘤抗争的T细胞增加了吸收肌酸的能力。

这是为什么呢?

根据以上发现,研究人员提出了一种“混合动力”模型。通过将肌酸渗入其中来更新为抗肿瘤T细胞免疫提供动力的分子机制,类似于流行的混合动力汽车,它使用两种不同的动力来源,第一个能量来源是一个类似于燃料引擎的新陈代谢过程,将像葡萄糖、氨基酸和脂质之类的营养物质转化成ATP。二次能源便是肌酸,就像混合动力汽车的电池一样,它吸收多余的能量,并将其储存起来,以备燃料短缺时释放,不断供给能量,直到所有燃料耗竭。

基于以上模型,研究小组对小鼠肿瘤浸润免疫细胞的营养成分使用情况进行了研究,在该过程中,他们检测到浸润肿瘤的免疫细胞(TIIs)上调了肌酸转运蛋白基因(Slc6a8或CrT)的表达,该基因编码控制肌酸向细胞摄取的表面转运蛋白。而当敲除掉小鼠的CrT基因后,研究人员发现,肌酸摄取不足严重削弱了CD8 T细胞对体内肿瘤激发和体外抗原刺激的反应,而通过直接给药或饮食补充肌酸可显着抑制多种小鼠肿瘤模型中的肿瘤生长。


CrT-KO小鼠显示出对肿瘤生长的控制障碍

接下来,研究小组尝试将肌酸和PD-1/PD-L1阻断疗法结合起来,这是一种癌症免疫疗法的形式,可以防止T细胞衰竭,已被批准用于治疗多种癌症(包括黑色素瘤、淋巴瘤结肠癌肺癌和宫颈癌)。他们发现补充肌酸和抗PD-1阻断剂协同作用,能持续供给T细胞能量,使它们能够在相当长的时间内有效地对抗癌症。

在接受这种联合治疗的小鼠中,有4只结肠癌小鼠在三个月内便获得了完全缓解(治愈),不仅如此,当他们接受第二轮肿瘤细胞治疗时(给小鼠注入肿瘤细胞),所有这些“癌症幸存者”的小鼠都得到了再一次的保护,持续期长达6个月之余。


肌酸与PD-1联合对肿瘤小鼠的影响

以上研究表明,肌酸起着“分子电池”的作用,可以保存生物能量来驱动T细胞的活动,是控制抗肿瘤T细胞免疫力的重要代谢调节剂,该研究也强调了补充肌酸改善基于T细胞的癌症免疫疗法的潜力。

接下来,该研究小组计划将其纳入临床实验,在人类实验中,他们将致力于确定适当的剂量、时间和方法,以使人们补充肌酸来提高现有的免疫疗法 。

在CrT-KO小鼠中,已经观察到了多种小鼠肿瘤模型中多种免疫细胞的低反应性。肌酸还可能调节对多种癌症以外的疾病的免疫反应,因此, 研究肌酸在不同健康和疾病条件下调节各种免疫细胞的作用将是未来研究的趋势。

原始出处:

Stefano Di Biase, Xiaoya Ma, View ORCID ProfileXi Wang, Jiaji Yu, et.al. Creatine uptake regulates CD8 T cell antitumor immunity. JEM October 18, 2019

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    2020-11-02 lovetcm

    #肌酸#补充剂增强#癌症免疫治疗#效果,问题如何补充肌酸?

    0

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    2019-10-22 内科新手

    谢谢梅斯提供这么好的信息,学到很多

    0

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    2019-10-22 CHANGE

    疗效只是效果的众多方面之一,还要看对患者的获益,包括生活质量等因素共同决定效果的

    0

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