JAMA Netw Open:三手烟改变人鼻上皮细胞的基因表达

2019-06-30 佚名 中国生物技术网

由美国加州大学河滨分校(UCR)的科学家领导的一个研究团队发现,三手烟会通过给呼吸系统的上皮细胞施压来损害它们。该研究已于6月28日发表在《JAMA Network Open》上。

众所周知,一手烟和二手烟,会严重危害健康,是肺癌的主要原因。现在,一项新研究告诉我们,三手烟对健康的危害也正在进行时......

三手烟是当呼出的烟和从燃烧香烟散发出来的烟尘落在衣服、头发、家具和汽车等表面时产生的。它不是严格意义上的吸烟,而是指吸烟后的残留物。

由美国加州大学河滨分校(UCR)的科学家领导的一个研究团队发现,三手烟会通过给呼吸系统的上皮细胞施压来损害它们。该研究已于6月28日发表在《JAMA Network Open》上。

研究负责人、UCR干细胞中心主任和分子、细胞和系统生物学系教授Prue Talbot说:“我们的数据表明,人体细胞确实会受到三手烟的影响。三手烟对健康的影响已经在培养的细胞和动物模型上进行了研究,但这是第一次显示其对人类基因表达直接影响的研究。”

该研究第一作者、Talbot实验室的研究生Giovanna Pozuelos说,“这些物质会重新回到大气中,不吸烟的人会不情愿地吸入。但到目前为止,它还没有得到广泛的研究,这或许可以解释为什么没有任何法律法规保护非吸烟者免受其害。”

在这项研究中,研究人员从加州大学旧金山分校的实验室环境中采集四名女性健康非吸烟者的鼻黏膜刮片样本,这些人无慢性病史。她们被暴露于三手烟实验环境三个小时。研究人员随后从样本中提取足够数量的RNA,并通过RNA测序鉴定出过表达或低表达的基因。他们发现382个基因明显过表达,另外7个基因表达不足。然后他们确定了受这些基因影响的途径。



《JAMA Network Open》

Pozuelos说:“健康的非吸烟者在吸入三小时后,鼻上皮细胞的基因表达发生了显著变化。它改变了与氧化应激相关的途径,氧化应激可能会损害DNA,癌症是一个潜在的长期后果。接触三手烟三个小时不太可能导致癌症,但如果有人住在公寓或家里,或经常开车到有这种情况的地方,就会对健康产生影响。”

由于鼻上皮细胞的基因表达与支气管的相似,研究人员指出,他们的数据与呼吸系统更深层的细胞相关。在他们研究的样本中,研究人员发现,短暂的三手烟暴露会影响线粒体的活性。线粒体是细胞能量工厂。如果不加以控制,观察到的效应将导致细胞死亡。

Pozuelos解释说,研究团队将重点放在鼻上皮,因为鼻腔是三手烟进入人肺的一种途径。另一种常见的暴露途径是通过皮肤,研究人员还未对此进行研究,但计划在未来进行。

目前,研究人员已经与加州大学圣迭戈和辛辛那提分校的研究团队合作,研究长期接触三手烟的情况。

Talbot说:“许多人不知道三手烟是什么。我们这项研究能够提高人们对这一潜在健康危害的认识。许多烟民认为,我只是在户外吸烟,这样我的家人在家里就不会接触到。但吸烟者会将尼古丁等化学物质留在衣服上带回室内。重要的是,人们要认识到,三手烟是真实的,并具有潜在的危害性。”

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    2019-12-27 canlab
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    2019-11-25 feather89
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