JAMA Oncol:降低肝癌风险,从多吃谷物开始

2019-03-09 Jelly 肿瘤资讯

胰岛素抵抗、高胰岛素血症和炎症是已知的肝细胞癌易感因素,增加全谷物和膳食纤维摄入与降低这些风险有关。那么,高摄入全谷物和膳食纤维是否会降低患肝细胞癌的风险?研究者就此开展了该项队列研究,旨在评估全谷物和膳食纤维摄入与肝癌风险的关系。研究结果发表于近期的JAMA Oncology杂志。

胰岛素抵抗、高胰岛素血症和炎症是已知的肝细胞癌易感因素,增加全谷物和膳食纤维摄入与降低这些风险有关。那么,高摄入全谷物和膳食纤维是否会降低患肝细胞癌的风险?研究者就此开展了该项队列研究,旨在评估全谷物和膳食纤维摄入与肝癌风险的关系。研究结果发表于近期的JAMA Oncology杂志。

研究背景

原发性肝癌是第六大最常见的癌症,其主要组织学形式是肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)。胰岛素抵抗、高胰岛素血症和炎症是已知的肝细胞癌易感因素,增加全谷物和膳食纤维摄入与降低这些风险有关。目前暂无流行病学研究调查全谷物摄入与肝癌风险之间的关系,只有一项队列研究调查了膳食纤维与肝癌风险之间的关系。因此,研究者利用2项大型前瞻性队列研究——护士健康研究(NHS)和医疗专业人员随访研究(HPFS)的数据开展了该项研究,以评估全谷物和膳食纤维摄入与肝癌风险的关系。

研究方法

对来自护士健康研究和医疗专业人员随访研究的2项大型前瞻性队列的125455例受试者进行了全谷物及其子成分(麸皮和胚芽)和膳食纤维(谷物、水果和蔬菜)摄入量的队列研究。采用经验证的食物频率问卷,几乎每4年收集和更新1次全谷物及其子成分(麸皮和胚芽)和膳食纤维(谷物、水果和蔬菜)的摄入量调查。在校正了大多数已知的肝细胞癌危险因素后,采用Cox比例风险回归模型评估多变量风险比(HR)。

研究结果

经过平均24.2年的随访,研究者确定了70例女性和71例男性肝细胞癌患者。在125455名受试者中[77241例女性和48214例男性,平均年龄63.4(标准差10.7)岁],与全谷物和膳食纤维摄入量最低的三分之一的受试者相比,摄入量最高的三分之一的受试者年龄稍大,体重指数较低,体力活动较多,饮酒较少,吸烟可能性小,使用阿司匹林和绝经后激素(仅限女性)的可能性更大,其水果、蔬菜、总叶酸、复合维生素和膳食维生素D的摄入量更高,但脂肪摄入较少。女性和男性使用相似的观察模式。

在多变量校正分析中,较高的全谷物摄入量与较低的肝细胞癌风险显著相关(摄入量最高的三分之一的受试者 vs 摄入量最低的三分之一的受试者:HR=0.63, P=0.04;表1)。研究者发现,总麸皮摄入量与肝细胞癌(HR=0.70)之间存在提示性但不显著的负相关,总胚芽摄入量与肝细胞癌相关性较弱(HR=0.89)。在对麸皮和胚芽进行相互调整后,这些相关性只有轻微变化(麸皮,HR=0.66;胚芽,HR=1.10)。此外,增加麸皮摄入量与肝细胞癌风险呈负相关(HR=0.69),而增加胚芽摄入量与肝细胞癌风险呈正相关(HR=1.22)。研究者分别评估每一队列中特定全谷物及其子成分与肝细胞癌风险的相关性时,结果与汇总分析相似。

表1. 护士健康研究与医疗专业人员随访研究中全麦能量调节摄入量与肝癌风险



研究者没有发现总纤维摄入量、水果或蔬菜纤维摄入量与肝细胞癌风险有任何显著相关性(表2)。谷物纤维摄入量有提示性但不显著的负相关(HR=0.68,P=0.06)。各队列中膳食纤维和食物来源纤维与肝细胞癌风险的相关性与汇总分析的结果一致。研究者进一步分析了全谷物食品组与肝细胞癌风险的相关性,发现与全麦冷早餐谷物食品有提示性但无显著的负相关(HR=0.82)。

表2. 护士健康研究和医疗专业人员随访研究中能量调节膳食纤维摄入量与肝癌风险



对105例肝细胞癌患者的乙型肝炎病毒/丙型肝炎病毒感染情况进行分析,其中23例感染乙型肝炎病毒或丙型肝炎病毒。研究者未发现全谷物、麸皮、胚芽或膳食纤维与病毒性或非病毒性的肝细胞癌风险之间存在任何差异,尽管由于癌症患者人数较少,统计结果的说服力有限。此外,排除肝细胞癌、乙型肝炎病毒或丙型肝炎病毒感染患者(n =23)后,总体结果无明显变化。同样,没有证据表明全谷物/膳食纤维与肝硬化或非肝硬化的肝细胞癌风险存在差异。

结论

目前的研究表明,增加全谷物的摄入量(可能是麸皮和谷物纤维的摄入),与较低的肝癌风险有关。考虑到在整个队列中缺乏关于乙型肝炎病毒/丙型肝炎病毒感染的数据,并且数据分析中肝细胞癌患者的数量有限,因此应谨慎解释研究发现。需将乙型肝炎病毒和丙型肝炎病毒感染纳入考虑,进一步研究其他种族/族裔或高危人群中的这些相关性,并阐明其潜在机制。考虑到该病在美国的发病率较低,在有大量肝细胞癌患者的队列中进行汇总分析也会有所帮助。若该研究结果得到证实,增加全谷物的食用可作为预防原发性肝癌的一种可能策略。

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    2019-03-27 minlingfeng
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    2020-01-05 sjq027
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    2019-04-21 licz0435
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1865635, encodeId=1577186563530, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=16ce133504e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Oncol#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13350, encryptionId=16ce133504e, topicName=Oncol)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b63894, createdName=minlingfeng, createdTime=Wed Mar 27 12:19:00 CST 2019, time=2019-03-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2061833, encodeId=0b3220618332b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e6e1e15509f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#癌风险#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71550, encryptionId=e6e1e15509f, topicName=癌风险)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d58a435, createdName=sjq027, createdTime=Sun Jan 05 08:19:00 CST 2020, time=2020-01-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1745016, encodeId=b6351e4501678, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c39d921e332' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#谷物#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=92173, encryptionId=c39d921e332, topicName=谷物)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=113b35497390, createdName=licz0435, createdTime=Sun Apr 21 07:19:00 CST 2019, time=2019-04-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=362676, encodeId=54e93626e6b1, content=很好的学习机会, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/04/12/cd30eefc465f70dc4dad89bd57479781.jpg, createdBy=02be2318568, createdName=一天没事干, createdTime=Fri Mar 15 08:18:49 CST 2019, time=2019-03-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=362622, encodeId=667036262236, content=很好的学习机会, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/04/12/cd30eefc465f70dc4dad89bd57479781.jpg, createdBy=02be2318568, createdName=一天没事干, createdTime=Thu Mar 14 08:07:23 CST 2019, time=2019-03-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=362362, encodeId=6e2b3623620c, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=82311653708, createdName=医者仁心5538, createdTime=Sun Mar 10 08:39:04 CST 2019, time=2019-03-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=362349, encodeId=5d59362349b9, content=学习了很有用不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib3IzoRn621JdKCFUI4XvNELcibocrAVU6aUzEVDSaf3rYH08PUYUiagGqxAEhj8g9WqqNvD1CupIpCrmnR2OrqHZh/0, createdBy=7f181365728, createdName=飛歌, createdTime=Sun Mar 10 01:32:12 CST 2019, time=2019-03-10, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-03-15 一天没事干

    很好的学习机会

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1865635, encodeId=1577186563530, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=16ce133504e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Oncol#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13350, encryptionId=16ce133504e, topicName=Oncol)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b63894, createdName=minlingfeng, createdTime=Wed Mar 27 12:19:00 CST 2019, time=2019-03-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2061833, encodeId=0b3220618332b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e6e1e15509f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#癌风险#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71550, encryptionId=e6e1e15509f, topicName=癌风险)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d58a435, createdName=sjq027, createdTime=Sun Jan 05 08:19:00 CST 2020, time=2020-01-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1745016, encodeId=b6351e4501678, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c39d921e332' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#谷物#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=92173, encryptionId=c39d921e332, topicName=谷物)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=113b35497390, createdName=licz0435, createdTime=Sun Apr 21 07:19:00 CST 2019, time=2019-04-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=362676, encodeId=54e93626e6b1, content=很好的学习机会, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/04/12/cd30eefc465f70dc4dad89bd57479781.jpg, createdBy=02be2318568, createdName=一天没事干, createdTime=Fri Mar 15 08:18:49 CST 2019, time=2019-03-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=362622, encodeId=667036262236, content=很好的学习机会, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/04/12/cd30eefc465f70dc4dad89bd57479781.jpg, createdBy=02be2318568, createdName=一天没事干, createdTime=Thu Mar 14 08:07:23 CST 2019, time=2019-03-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=362362, encodeId=6e2b3623620c, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=82311653708, createdName=医者仁心5538, createdTime=Sun Mar 10 08:39:04 CST 2019, time=2019-03-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=362349, encodeId=5d59362349b9, content=学习了很有用不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib3IzoRn621JdKCFUI4XvNELcibocrAVU6aUzEVDSaf3rYH08PUYUiagGqxAEhj8g9WqqNvD1CupIpCrmnR2OrqHZh/0, createdBy=7f181365728, createdName=飛歌, createdTime=Sun Mar 10 01:32:12 CST 2019, time=2019-03-10, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-03-14 一天没事干

    很好的学习机会

    0

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    2019-03-10 医者仁心5538

    学习了

    0

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    2019-03-10 飛歌

    学习了很有用不错

    0

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