盘点:NEJM 10月第二期原始研究汇总

2018-10-13 MedSci MedSci原创

【1】DNA测序用于预测一线结核药物的易感性 DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1800474 世界卫生组织建议对所有结核病患者进行结核分枝杆菌综合药敏试验以指导治疗决策并改善预后。近日研究人员对DNA测序在预测一线抗结核药物敏感性中作用进行了考察。研究人员对来自6大洲16个国家的样本进行全基因组序列和一线抗结核药(异烟肼、利福平、乙胺丁醇和吡嗪酰胺)耐药性或易感性表型考察。总计考

【1】DNA测序用于预测一线结核药物的易感性

DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1800474

世界卫生组织建议对所有结核病患者进行结核分枝杆菌综合药敏试验以指导治疗决策并改善预后。近日研究人员对DNA测序在预测一线抗结核药物敏感性中作用进行了考察。研究人员对来自6大洲16个国家的样本进行全基因组序列和一线抗结核药(异烟肼、利福平、乙胺丁醇和吡嗪酰胺)耐药性或易感性表型考察。总计考察了10209个分离株,其中接受测试最多的是利福平 (95.4%),最少的是乙胺丁醇(89.8%)。对异烟肼、利福平、乙胺丁醇和吡嗪酰胺的耐药率预测的敏感性分别为97.1%、97.5%、94.6%和91.3%,正确率分别为99.0%, 98.8%, 93.6%和96.8%。7516株具有完全表型药敏谱的菌株中,5865株(78.0%)有完整的基因型预测,其中5250条(89.5%)预测正确,在预测为泛易感型的4037株中,3952株(97.9%)预测正确。研究认为结核分枝杆菌一线药物敏感性基因预测结果与药物的表型易感性高度相关。

【2】急性肾损伤和脓毒症患者肾脏替代治疗的时机

DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1803213

虽然肾脏替代疗法是重度急性肾损伤的标准治疗方法,但理想的治疗开始时间仍存在争议。在一项多中心、随机、对照试验中,我们将风险、损伤、衰竭、丧失和终末期肾脏疾病分类系统属于衰竭期、有重度急性肾损伤、但没有与急性肾损伤有关的危及生命的并发症,患早期感染性休克的患者随机分组,分别在记录到衰竭期急性肾损伤后12小时内接受肾脏替代治疗,或者在肾脏未恢复的情况下延迟48小时后接受肾脏替代治疗。在第二次计划的中期分析之后,因无效(futility)提前终止试验。总共488例患者被随机分组;基线特征无显著组间差异。在获得90日时随访数据的477例患者中,早期策略组58%的患者和延迟策略组54%的患者死亡。在延迟策略组中,38%未接受肾脏替代治疗。延迟策略组17%的患者符合紧急肾脏替代治疗标准。表明在有重度急性肾损伤的感染性休克患者中,在被分配早期策略的患者和被分配延迟策略的患者之间,90日时的总死亡率无显著差异。

【3】同种异体BK病毒特异性T细胞治疗进行性多灶性白质脑病

DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1801540

JC病毒是进行性多灶性白质脑病(PML)的病因,BK病毒与JC病毒在遗传上相似,并且在免疫原性蛋白质方面具有序列同源性。我们用体外扩增、部分HLA匹配、第三方产生、冷冻保存的BK病毒特异性T细胞治疗了三例免疫抑制的PML患者。这些患者免疫抑制的原因如下:一例患者在接受脐带血移植的预处理治疗,另一例患者使用鲁索替尼治疗骨髓增殖性肿瘤,第三例患者患获得性免疫缺陷综合征。两例患者输入T细胞后,观察到PML的临床体征和影像学特征缓解,并且脑脊液(CSF)中的JC病毒被清除。另一例患者的JC病毒载量减少,症状稳定,直至第一次输入T细胞后8个月死亡。其中两例患者有免疫重建综合征。输入后在CSF中检测到供者来源的T细胞。

【4】骨髓增殖性肿瘤的分类和个体化预后

DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1716614

骨髓增生性肿瘤,如红细胞增多症、原发性血小板增多症和骨髓纤维化,是一系列慢性血液病,其进展程度和风险不同。骨髓增生性肿瘤患者的基因组特征为个性化诊断、风险分层和治疗提供了可能。近日研究人员对69名骨髓增生性肿瘤患者髓系癌基因的编码外显子进行了序列分析,综合分析了驱动突变和拷贝数的变化。随后建立了骨髓增生性肿瘤的基因组分类和预测个体预后的多阶段预后模型,并在外部队列中进行验证。2035名患者参与研究,存在5名以上患者的驱动突变基因有33个,其中JAK2, CALR或MPL突变患者占45%,驱动突变的数量随着年龄和晚期疾病而增加。驱动基因突变、生殖系多态性和人口学变量独立区分原发性血小板增多症或与骨髓纤维化以外的其他慢性期疾病。总计定义了8个表现出不同临床表型的基因亚组,包括血细胞计数、白血病转化风险和无事件生存。结合63个临床和基因组变量,建立了能够对慢性期骨髓增生性肿瘤和骨髓纤维化患者的临床结果进行个性化预测的预后模型。预测和观测结果在开发队列、内部交叉验证和独立的外部队列中有很好的相关性。

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    2018-10-14 1e145228m78(暂无匿称)

    学习了,谢谢作者分享!

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    2018-10-14 1209e435m98(暂无昵称)

    学习了,谢谢分享

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    2018-10-14 明月清辉

    谢谢分享,学习了

    0

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    2018-10-14 yjs木玉

    好好好好好好好好

    0