Gastroenterology:驱虫药氯硝柳胺或可治肝癌

2017-03-30 MedSci MedSci原创

肝细胞癌(HCC)是一种与潜在的肝脏疾病和肝硬化相关的癌症,它在进展非常迅速的情况下往往只会出现症状,是世界上癌症死亡的第二大原因,但目前还没有有效的治疗方法。

肝细胞癌(HCC)是一种与潜在的肝脏疾病和肝硬化相关的癌症,它在进展非常迅速的情况下往往只会出现症状,是世界上癌症死亡的第二大原因,但目前还没有有效的治疗方法。

如同没有治疗的其他条件一样,科学家们需要了解和治疗这种疾病的数据,可能仅仅停留在数据库中,而这些数据几乎没有被分析过。加州大学旧金山分校计算健康科学研究所所长Atul Butte博士说。

博蒂实验室的前博士后,现计算健康科学研究所的儿科教授,最近在胃肠病学杂志上发表了一篇关于使用数据挖掘计算工具来确定HCC治疗的文章。

基因表达和药物靶标

利用公开的基因表达数据,他首先得出了HCC的分子疾病特征--观察了274个在癌肝组织中上调或下调的基因,但在正常的肝组织中不表达。

然后,他寻找已知的靶向这些基因的药物,令人惊讶的是,当与标准护理药物联合使用时,一种驱虫药的近亲能够有效杀死植入实验小鼠的癌变肝组织。

"我们发现这些疾病基因在小鼠模型的患者衍生组织中治疗6周后被逆转,"陈说,并补充说,他开发的方法的优点是能同时靶向多个基因而不仅仅是简单地针对单个突变。

陈说,寻找疾病的分子标志,然后寻找那些对抗这些标志的药物对治疗每个可能患有不同癌症突变并且可能不会立马药物作出反应的患者而言,是一种很有前途的治疗方法。

"在这项研究中,患者有类似的基因表达谱,但不完全相同,"陈说。在大多数情况下,癌症有许多突变,病人会复发。我们的方法可能被用来控制疾病,使其成为一种慢性疾病,而不是致命的。"

开始新的候选药物

很幸运,仅分析了一小部分药物的基因表达谱,陈就发现了氯硝柳胺。但即使在发现药物和疾病相匹配,他在加州大学和斯坦福大学的研究人员仍然面临很多困难。这种被设计用来杀死寄生虫的药物在小鼠模型中不起作用,因为它不易溶解。

陈的团队只是偶然发现了一篇文章,描述了其类似物,NEN - 一种可溶于人类细胞的乙醇胺盐, 当他们将NEN与晚期HCC的标准治疗药物索拉非尼联合使用时,发现肿瘤停止生长。

虽然NEN已经被发现可以安全地用于针对狗和猫的绦虫,但科学家们还不知道它会如何影响人类,以及是否会阻止癌性肝组织在人体内生长。

但陈说,这是一个有希望的候选药物,其研发成本可能是传统药物研发的一半或少于一半,因为他利用先进的计算技术挖掘免费数据。

陈说:"因为我们的方法实际上是虚拟的,我们可以很快地评估成百上千的候选药物。""在发现驱虫药有效之前,我们筛选了1000多个药物。这是药物发现的一个非常有效的方法。"

原文出处


Bin Chen et al. Computational Discovery of Niclosamide Ethanolamine, A Repurposed Drug Candidate That Reduces Growth of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells in Vitro and in Mice by Inhibiting CDC37 Signaling, Gastroenterology .March 08, 2017.

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    2017-05-17 lixiaol
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    2017-08-10 许安
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