原发性子宫及双侧附件弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤1例

2019-04-08 刘璐 李月红 王玉荣 实用妇产科杂志

患者,71岁,因间断性心悸21天,黑嚎10余天于2017年 7月20日在河北医科大学第二医院心内科就诊,行全腹CT检 查发现盆腔肿物。入院查体:生命体征平稳,一股隋况尚可,浅 表淋巴结未触及肿大,腹软,心肝脾肺肾检查未见明显异常。 妇科查体:老年外阴,阴道通畅,官颈萎缩,子宫体前位,稍大, 质中,活动欠佳,表面光滑,无压痛,双侧附件区均可触及一大小约5 am×5 cm x5 cm包块,边界不清,无

1病例报告

患者,71岁,因间断性心悸21天,黑嚎10余天于2017年 7月20日在河北医科大学第二医院心内科就诊,行全腹CT检 查发现盆腔肿物。入院查体:生命体征平稳,一股隋况尚可,浅 表淋巴结未触及肿大,腹软,心肝脾肺肾检查未见明显异常。 妇科查体:老年外阴,阴道通畅,官颈萎缩,子宫体前位,稍大, 质中,活动欠佳,表面光滑,无压痛,双侧附件区均可触及一大小约5 am×5 cm x5 cm包块,边界不清,无压痛,欠活动。血 常规未见明显异常。妇科超声检查提示:①双侧盆腔肿块(卵 巢肿瘤?左侧6.17 am x 6.77 cm X 3.8 cm低回声包块,右侧 6.54 am x6.4 am×4.77 am低回声包块);②官腔内低回声区 及暗区待诊(子宫内膜病变?官腔宽约2.49 cm,可见一 3.26 am×3.53 cm x2.26 am不规则低回声区)。

患者遂于2017年8月9日于妇科行官腔镜检查+子宫内 膜活检+刮宫术,术中见:官颈管光滑,官腔形态大致正常,官腔 内膜稍厚,色泽污,双侧输卵管开口隐约可见。术后病理检查回 报:少许深染挤压组织,伴坏死,部分似呈编织状排列,其间可见 厚壁血管,未见明显子官内膜组织形态,结合免疫组化结果:CDl0(±),CD34(血管+),CKpan(一),Ki-67(+>75%), Desmin、LCA、P53均散在(+),SMA、Vimen2 tin(+),倾向间叶 来源恶性肿瘤。患者无明显手术禁忌证,于8月22日全身麻醉 下行全子宫+双侧附件切除术,术中见:子宫增大如孕2月大 小,质软,双侧附件致密粘连于盆壁,双侧输卵管未见异常,双侧 卵巢均增大。盆腔组织水肿、质脆。手术过程顺利。大体标本: 子宫增大如孕2月大小,形态规整,质软,子宫后壁子宫颈内口 上方可见直径约l cm糟烂组织,子官内膜薄、色黄;双侧卵巢增 大,切面为黄色;双侧输卵管未见异常。术后病理检查回报:送 检全子宫及双侧附件均可见肿瘤浸润,肿瘤弥漫分布,无明显特 殊排列,细胞中等大小,较一致,其间可见残留子宫内膜腺体,部 分区域间质硬化,可见明显异型的肿瘤细胞呈肉瘤样改变(见图 1、2),结合免疫表型,考虑腺肉瘤。免疫组化结果显示:CDl0、CDll7、CD34、CKpan、Desmin、DOG、EMA、ER、P53、PR、SMA、 SMMS一1均(一),Vimentin(+),Ki-67(+80%),LCA(+),cy— clinDl(个别细胞+),P16(个别细胞+)(见图3)。
 
术后考虑腺肉瘤对化疗不敏感,放疗似乎只能降低患者局 部的复发率,但是并不能改善预后,而目前患者的肿瘤已经全 部切除,单纯放疗又可能会对膀胱造成影响,故不建议放疗,可 以El服孕激素治疗帮助改善患者一般情况,建议患者定期随 访。患者出院后1月病情进展迅速,出现精神萎靡、嗜睡等症 状。于当地医院行全身CT检查提示多处脏器及肿大的淋巴 结发生转移的可能性大。

考虑目前患者出现的症状与子宫腺肉瘤的生物学行为相 悖,建议患者行病理会诊。患者家属分别到北京三家三甲医 院,病理会诊结果不相一致。A院病理会诊结果:(子宫内膜活 检)符合腺肉瘤;(子官)符合子宫腺肉瘤伴肉瘤过生长。后续 治疗意见与本院一致。B院病理会诊结果:符合子宫肉瘤,性 质待定。c院病理会诊结果:初次提示子宫内膜癌肉瘤可能性 大;因病理属于疑难类型,又再次结合常规形态学、免疫组化及 目前资料,补充诊断如下:符合弥漫性大B细胞性淋巴瘤,非特指型,非生发中心起源。免疫组化结果:CD7(一),CK8/18(+),PAX一8(+),Ki-67(+,80%),P53(野生型),CK混(腺
上皮+),MLHl(+),MSH2(+),MSH6(+),PMS2(+), CD20(染色不满意),PAX一5(+),CDl0(一),MUMl(+), Bcl.2(>50%+),Bcl-6(+),P63(一),CK5/6(一)。

患者遂于血液内科住院治疗,结合3月前反复出现发热,体温 最高达39.30c,故诊断为弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤Ⅳ期B组。行骨 髓穿刺+活检术,骨髓象及活检结果均未见明显异常。病理补充 免疫组化结果:CD20(+)(见图4)。并给予R—CHOP方案化疗3 个疗程。患者复查hPET/CT提示全身多处部位异常葡萄糖高代 谢,不除外淋巴瘤浸润。遂更改化疗方案,给予GMOX方案治疗 原发病。现随访患者9个月,—般隋况尚可,仍在接受治疗中。





2讨论

2.1 原发于女性生殖系统弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)的 发病非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL)是一种发生在淋巴结、脾脏、胸腺 等淋巴器官或淋巴结外组织的淋巴造血系统的恶性肿瘤。NHL 的全球发病率约3%,其中结外淋巴瘤占NHL的15%,而仅有 l%来源于生殖道。DLBCL是NHL中最常见的一种类型,具 有侵袭性,在中国DLBCL占NHL的45.8%,占所有淋巴瘤的 40.1%[2J。根据美国国家癌症研究所的一项大型调查,1467例 NHL中原发于子宫者占0.002%。147例孤立性的原发于女 性生殖道的NHL中卵巢占59%,子宫体占15.5%,子官颈占 11.5%,外阴占7.5%,阴道占6%。截止到2012年12月,原 发于子宫体或子宫颈的NHL共178例,中位发病年龄分别为54 岁、46岁,最常见的组织类型仍为DLBCL 。而本例患者DLBCL是同时原发于子宫和双侧附件的,这种情况更为罕见。

2.2原发于生殖系统DLBCL的诊断 临床上原发于女性生 殖系统的DLBCL诊断多采用Vang等提出的诊断标准:①以 生殖系统病变为主要表现,且为首发症状,可累及附近生殖器 官或淋巴结;②外周血及骨髓无任何异常细胞;③若远方部位 出现复发性淋巴瘤需与原发淋巴瘤相隔6个月以上;④既往无 淋巴瘤病史。本例患者无绝经后阴道流血、腹痛等临床表现, 因行全腹CT意外发现双侧盆块及子宫病变,行全子宫双侧附 件切除后诊断为DLBCL。术前行全身CT检查均未发现肿大 淋巴结,且血常规、骨髓象及活检结果均未见明显异常,故考虑 原发于子宫及双侧附件。患者为结外器官受累且存在反复高 热,体温高于38。C,故临床分期为Ⅳ期B组。 孤立性的原发于女性生殖系统的DLBCL临床表现缺乏特 异性,主要表现为子宫异常出血,其次为子官颈或盆腔包块、腹痛,并且出现“B组”淋巴瘤症状如出现原因不明反复发热 (38。C以上)、盗汗、原因不明6个月内体质量减少超过10%以 上任一症状者很少见。

2.3原发于女性生殖系统DLBCL的治疗原发于女性生殖系统 的DLBCL目前尚缺乏统一的诊疗标准,—般被认为是一种对放化 疔敏感的恶性肿瘤,但是临床上应用最广泛的是以手术、化疗为 主,放疗及免疫治疗为辅的综合治疗方案。CHOP化疗联合利妥 昔单抗被用于侵袭性NHL的初治和复发治疗,提高了DLBCL的 总生存率。对于复发性或难治性DLBCL自体干细胞移植(HDCT) 可以使其达到完全或部分缓解,但是一项荟萃分析∞1中指出 HDCT与常规化疗相比会降低侵袭性NHL总生存率。

2.4误诊的原因分析本例患者术后病理提示子宫腺肉瘤, 但患者出院后1月病情进展迅速,行全身CT检查提示多部位 转移。而腺肉瘤一般预后较好,其生物行为与本例患者短期内 的病情进展不符,遂至上级医院行病理会诊,三家医院的会诊 结果却不相同,因为原发于子官双侧附件的DLBCL极为罕见, 一般都是系统性淋巴瘤累及子宫双侧附件,并且由于最初组织 固定不良,致免疫组化LCA(淋巴瘤的通用标记)基本不着色, 所以很难与原发于子宫双侧附件的DLBCL联系到一起。 将该病误诊的原因总结如下:①原发于子宫双侧附件的 DLBCL极其罕见,病理科医生缺乏相关经验且受思维模式限 制对于原发于子宫及双侧附件的肿瘤首先会考虑妇科恶性肿 瘤,而本例患者的DLBCL破坏子官内膜组织不完全,残留子宫 内膜腺体故误诊为腺肉瘤;②肉瘤包含的组织类型范围较广, 非上皮来源的肿瘤均可称为肉瘤,故淋巴瘤也属于肉瘤的范 畴;③淋巴瘤种类繁多,无固定形态,一般呈弥散型,缺乏典型 的形态特征,很难与分化差的肿瘤鉴别;④术后病理标本固定 不及时,造成的组织固定不良也会影响病理结果的判读。

参考文献略。

原始出处:

刘璐,李月红,王玉荣,徐春琳等,原发性子宫及双侧附件弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤1例[J],实用妇产科杂志,2018,34(12):957-958.

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患者男性,47岁。因“腹痛腹胀3d”入院。

成人原发性颅内滑膜肉瘤一例

患者男,79岁,因“视物模糊6个月余,枕部不适4个月余”入院。查体:生命体征平稳,GCS评分4+5+6,双侧瞳孔等大等圆,对光反射灵敏,直径3mm。左胸部稍感疼痛,轻压痛。两肺呼吸音粗,未及明显干湿啰音,余无殊。

罕见病例:原发性胃疣状癌

原发性胃鳞状细胞癌(Primary gastric squamous cell carcinoma,SCC)是一种罕见的胃癌亚型。鉴于胃内为腺上皮,故其发病机制仍有争议,有几种假设学说。

原发性髌骨动脉瘤样骨囊肿1例

患者,男,22岁。因左膝部隐痛4月余,于2016年11月入院。患者4个月前无明显诱因自觉左膝部疼痛,疼痛呈持续性隐痛,不伴左膝关节肿胀、功能障碍。期间患者未予重视,自行服用塞来昔布止痛,院外未特殊处理,疼痛无缓解,为求进一步治疗来我院。患者既往体健,无特殊病史。查体:左膝部未见畸形,前外侧有压痛。骨擦音及骨擦感阴性,轴向叩击痛阴性,无感觉减退,髋、膝活动未见受限,双下肢肌力无明显减退,大腿、小腿、

以头皮血肿为首发症状的原发性硬脑膜非霍奇金淋巴瘤1例

患者女,57岁。因“发现反复增大的额部头皮血肿2个月”入院。患者撞击硬物后发现左额部头皮肿物,逐渐增大,伴疼痛,穿刺抽吸后缩小,抽吸物为暗红色血液,但1周后血肿再次增大入院。查体:神经系统查体阴性,左额部见一大小约5 cm×3 cm包块,有波动感,轻压痛,无红肿及分泌物,移动度差。全身浅表淋巴结无肿大,心肺腹检查未见异常,血常规淋巴细胞分类正常。

原发性输尿管淋巴瘤1例

患者,男,66岁。主因进行性排尿困难2个月入院。2月前无明显原因出现排尿不畅,排尿费力,迟缓断续,射程缩短,尿线变细,终末呈滴沥状,排尿次数明显增加,每日排尿次数大于10次,近日上述症状明显加重。查体:双肾区无隆起,无压痛,无叩击痛。双侧输尿管区未见异常,膀胱无充盈,膀胱区无压痛,阴囊阴茎未见异常。肛诊:前列腺大,质韧,中间沟消失。化验:血常规、肝肾功未见异常,尿常规OB。门诊以“前列腺增生”收