15岁少年反复鼻出血12年且发育迟缓 主要治疗是吃玉米

2019-02-20 辛永宁 柏愚 消化科病例分析:入门与提高

15岁男性,自3岁起无明显诱因反复出现大量鼻出血,需用药物止血,否则出血可间断持续3~4天。另外,发育迟缓5年。入院后,经过医生抽丝剥茧,终于找到病因所在。然而,令人遗憾的是无特效方法,且通常预后不佳,进食玉米成为重要的饮食疗法。该青少年究竟患有何怪病?

15岁男性,自3岁起无明显诱因反复出现大量鼻出血,需用药物止血,否则出血可间断持续3~4天。另外,发育迟缓5年。入院后,经过医生抽丝剥茧,终于找到病因所在。然而,令人遗憾的是无特效方法,且通常预后不佳,进食玉米成为重要的饮食疗法。该青少年究竟患有何怪病?

患者,男,15岁,白族人。主诉:反复鼻出血12年,发育迟缓5年。

入院情况:患者12年来无明显诱因反复出现鼻出血,可单侧或双侧鼻腔出血,出血量大,需用药物止血,否则出血可间断持续3~4天,伴有偶发活动后气促,反复在当地多家医院诊治(地、市、县级医院),行相关检查发现肝脏、双肾肿大,肝功能异常,未明确病因,近5年来发育迟缓,身高增长7cm、体重增加4~5kg,遂至我市儿童医院就诊,发现胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白3及胰岛素样生长因子均减低,为进一步明确诊治今日收住我科。病程中无发热、皮疹、呕血、黑便、牙龈出血,无腹胀、纳差、恶心、呕吐、全身水肿、皮肤巩膜黄染等情况。患者发病以来精神饮食睡眠好,小便正常,大便质稀、色黄、2~3次/天。既往无高血压糖尿病、心脏病史,无手术外伤史、否认肝炎伤寒结核等传染病史、否认药物过敏史及输血史。家族史及个人史无特殊。入院查体:T 36.5℃,P 100次/分,R 19次/分,BP 110/50mmHg。一般状况尚可,皮肤巩膜无黄染,全身皮肤未见异常,全身浅表淋巴结未触及肿大。双肺呼吸音清、未闻及啰音。心律齐,三尖瓣区可闻及舒张期吹风样2/6级杂音,腹膨隆、全腹软、无压痛,腹壁静脉显露,腹部未触及包块,肝于右肋下7~8cm、剑突下5cm可触及、边缘锐、质软、表面光滑无压痛,脾于左肋缘下4cm可触及,边缘钝、质软、无压痛,肝肾区无叩击痛,移动性浊音阴性,肠鸣音正常,双下肢不肿,生理反射存在、病理反射未引出。入院时带我院门诊B超提示:肝脾大、双肾体积增大。儿童医院肝功能:TBIL 2.3μmol/L,Alb 37g/L,ALT 45U/L,AST 78U/L,碱性磷酸酶138U/L,γ-GT、ChE正常,凝血正常,血常规WBC 4.03×109/L,PLT 434×109/L,Hb正常。胰岛素样生长因子-1(insulin- like growth factor-1,IGF-1)25ng/ml,胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白3(insulin- like growth factor binding protein-3,IGFBP-3)2.01mg/L,均降低。

初步诊断:肝脾大查因。患儿肝脾大入院,肝功能转氨酶轻度增高,血常规正常,儿童医院资料提示胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)及胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白3降低,伴有明显的生长发育迟缓及鼻出血。

临床上肝脾同时肿大的常见原因有肝脏疾病(如急慢性肝炎、早期肝硬化),心脏血管性疾病(如布-加综合征、慢性充血性右心衰竭、慢性缩窄性心包炎或大量心包积液、特发性非硬化性门脉高压症),血液系统疾病(如慢性贫血、白血病淋巴瘤、恶性组织细胞病),感染性疾病(各种急慢性感染,病毒、立克次体、细菌、螺旋体、寄生虫感染,如巨细胞病毒、柯萨奇病毒、疟疾、黑热病、梅毒、组织胞浆菌病等)。

患儿同时伴有明显的生长发育迟缓,IGF-1及IGFBP-3均降低,诊断应紧密结合这一特征。

IGF-1是一种活性蛋白多肽物质,它是人体内肝细胞、肾细胞、脾细胞等十几种细胞自分泌和旁分泌的产物,IGF-1与小儿的生长发育关系十分密切,小儿身高发育实际上都是由IGF-1完成的。IGF-1的水平主要受生长激素(growth hormone,GH)的调节,其浓度在很大范围内与GH浓度一致,它介导生长激素产生生长效应,是反映GH-IGF功能的重要指标,是GH缺乏症诊断重要指标。

人体内血液循环中大部分的IGF是与特异性结合蛋白(IGF-binding proteins,IGFBP)相结合的,人体中有6种不同性质的结合蛋白(IGFBP-1~IGFBP-6),其中IGFBP-3(肝脏合成和分泌)与生长激素关系密切,是诊断生长激素缺乏症有价值的指标。理论上IGF-1和IGFBP-3的变化应该是一致的。

常见的生长发育迟缓疾病有染色体异常(唐氏综合征、特纳综合征)、代谢性疾病、骨骼疾病(骨软骨发育不全)、全身各系统慢性疾病、慢性营养不良性疾病、内分泌疾病(如生长激素缺乏症、甲状腺功能低下)等。染色体异常多伴先天异常、发病较早。骨骼疾病会有局部症状、骨质破坏会有碱性磷酸酶增高等表现。同时伴有2个生长激素指标异常的应考虑内分泌及代谢性疾病、其他系统慢性疾病导致。

综合以上情况,该患儿肝脾大、出血倾向、发育障碍,初步应该考虑内分泌及代谢性疾病,恶性肿瘤(尤其血液系统恶性肿瘤)。

鉴别诊断:心功能不全,可以出现体循环淤血导致的肝大、肝功能障碍、水肿,甚至影响到患儿的发育,但此种发育障碍一般多为血供障碍、营养障碍所致,与内分泌障碍无太大相关,IGF-1及IGFBP-3应无明显改变。该患儿心前区听诊有杂音,活动后时感气促,但既往无心脏疾病史,可以做心超检查排外。

生长激素缺乏症(growth hormone deficiency,GHD),是由于垂体前叶合成和分泌生长激素(GH)部分或完全缺乏,或由于结构异常、受体缺陷等所致的生长发育障碍性疾病。包括原发性、继发性以及暂时性。原发性生长激素缺乏症多见于男孩,发病年龄较早,患儿出生时身高和体重均正常,1岁以后出现生长速度减慢,生长落后比体重低更为严重,身高低于同年龄。继发性生长激素缺乏症可发生于任何年龄,继发于下丘脑、垂体或其他颅内肿瘤、感染、细胞浸润、放射性损伤和头颅创伤等,除有上述症状外,尚有原发病的种种症状和体征。该患儿因为发病年龄大、且同时伴有其他一些无法用发育障碍解释的症状,所以应考虑为继发性,应进一步明确其他病因。

肝硬化门脉高压症,可出现肝损伤、肝脾大、出血倾向,但一般内分泌障碍多表现为激素灭活障碍,如雌激素、醛固酮等,对生长发育影响相对小。患者可有慢性肝病面容、肝功能指标应有更多异常(包括胆碱酯酶、白蛋白等),但一般不会导致肾脏外形异常,可行B超或CT等检查排外。

肝脏代谢性疾病,包括肝豆状核变性、血色病、糖原累积症、类脂质沉积症等。肝豆状核变性为铜代谢障碍,引起肝硬化、脑基底节损害,常伴有神经系统异常,以锥体外系损害为突出表现,可见舞蹈样动作、手足徐动和肌张力障碍。血色病为铁代谢异常,早期肝脏肿大,程度与铁质沉积程度有关,多伴有糖尿病、皮肤色素沉着、心脏关节病变、内分泌腺异常。内分泌腺异常与肝脏受累有关,多表现为第二性征改变,一般垂体-肾上腺和垂体-甲状腺功能均正常。糖原沉积症多伴有低血糖。类脂质沉积症是先天缺陷性脂质代谢障碍所致的组织内类脂质增多并沉积,主要有糖脂、磷脂及胆固醇等沉积,主要累及肝、脾、淋巴结及骨髓等单核吞噬细胞系统。糖脂沉积常发生在婴儿,为致命性疾病;磷脂沉积常发生于幼儿,预后不佳。

淋巴瘤是常见的血液系统恶性肿瘤,可有淋巴系统的肿大(肝脾淋巴结无痛性、进行性肿大),肿大的淋巴结可造成压迫症状,如果侵及淋巴系统以外的器官,表现为相应器官的受侵、破坏、压迫或梗阻,约半数患者还可能出现发热、盗汗、乏力、消瘦、食欲缺乏、皮疹、瘙痒、贫血等全身症状。患儿有肝脾大,但浅表淋巴结不大、无恶病质或急性病容,可进一步检查深部淋巴结有无肿大。

诊治经过:患儿入院后B超提示:①肝大、脾大;②双肾体积增大,其余未见异常。B超未发现浅表及深部淋巴结肿大。心脏彩超:EF 78%,各房室内径大小正常,轻度三尖瓣反流。CT示:肝脾大、脂肪肝。大小便常规检查正常,凝血功能正常。血常规WBC 1.94×109/L、Hb 107g/L、PLT 459×109/L,WBC低考虑与脾亢有关,但需要排外血液系统疾病。肝炎病毒全套检查结果阴性,肝功能:GP 34g/L、Alb 44g/L、ALT 48U/L、AST 88U/L、ALP 136 U/L、γ-GT 60U/L、ChE 10499U/L、TG 3.44mmol/L、Glu 3.55 mmol/L、TBIL 2.1μmol/L、DBIL 0.7μmol/L、BUN 2.41mmol/L、CRE 21μmol/L、UA 432μmol/L,患儿肝功转氨酶轻度增高、血糖明显偏低。自身免疫性抗体全阴性。

初步检查仅发现肝脾大、白细胞低、尿酸高、甘油三酯高、血糖偏低,心脏超声结果可排外心脏疾病引起的肝脾大,CT未提示有门脉高压,肝硬化也不考虑。为明确病因进一步做了骨穿,骨髓涂片示:粒、红、巨三系明显增生,各系细胞形态未见明显异常。骨穿结果排外了骨髓异常。患儿入院后多次复查生化资料均提示尿酸高、甘油三酯高、血糖低,并数次发作低血糖,考虑肝脏代谢性疾病不排外,而轻度肝损伤情况下出现血糖代谢异常常见的是糖原累积症。其后肝穿刺活检回报:肝细胞广泛透明变性、胞浆空淡、细胞极度肿胀、似植物细胞、伴大泡性脂肪变性、dpas(+),部分细胞内充满红色阳性物质,小叶内未见明显坏死灶、窦周纤维化,门管区未见明显病变。免疫组化染色CK19 CK7显示胆管正常,HBsAg(-)。结论:符合糖原贮积症。至此患儿诊断明确。

入院后患儿多次发作低血糖,无明显时间规律,嘱其少食多餐,多进食玉米后有所改善。因脾大、脾功能亢进行介入下部分性脾动脉栓塞术,栓塞面积约50%,术后血常规WBC 4.36×109/L、Hb 111g/L、PLT 446×109/L。

文献复习:糖原累积病(glucogen storage disease,GSD)又称糖原沉着症。是一组罕见的酶缺陷所致先天性糖代谢紊乱性疾病,多数属常染色体隐性遗传,个别属性连锁隐性遗传(X染色体遗传)。发病因种族而异,根据欧洲资料,其发病率为1/(2万~2.5万),我国目前无确切发病资料。该病发病时间多在新生儿和婴幼儿,少数患者到成年期甚至老年才发病。本病特点为糖中间代谢紊乱,糖原存在着量和(或)质的异常,但有一个共同的生化特征,即是糖原贮存异常,绝大多数是糖原在肝脏、肌肉、肾脏等组织中贮积量增加,仅少数病种的糖原贮积量正常,而糖原的分子结构异常。

糖原是由葡萄糖单位构成的高分子多糖。主要贮存在肝和肌肉中作为备用能量。正常肝和肌肉分别含有约4%和2%糖原。GSD是由于患者缺乏上述糖原合成和分解过程中任一酶的缺陷使糖原合成或分解发生障碍,导致糖原沉积于组织中而致病。由于酶缺陷的种类不同,造成多种类型的糖原代谢病,根据所缺陷的酶发现的时间顺序将糖原累积病按数字分为至少12型,主要有2类,以肝脏病变为主的肝-低血糖性糖原累积病,以Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅵ、Ⅸ型为代表。以肌肉组织受损为主的肌-能量障碍性糖原累积病,以Ⅱ、Ⅴ、Ⅶ型为代表。

该患儿糖原沉积以肝脾肾为主,临床上有反复发作低血糖,因血糖利用障碍导致脂肪分解增多,脂肪酸在肝脏中形成甘油三酯增多,形成高甘油三酯血症和高脂肪酸血症,脂肪酸分解加速导致大量乳酸及酮酸经肾排出而抑制尿酸排出,引起高尿酸血症,这与患儿生化中尿酸高、甘油三酯高、血糖低相吻合。反复发作的低血糖导致患儿生长发育障碍。治疗方面无特效方法,只能对症处理低血糖、高尿酸血症,防治低血糖以饮食治疗为主,少量多餐高糖类饮食,可减少低血糖发作。难以控制者可在夜间连续管饲养。婴幼儿少食乳类、水果及蔗糖,碳水化合物的来源必须是葡萄糖或它的聚合物(麦芽糖、淀粉),因而进食玉米成为重要的饮食疗法,饮食中蛋白质含量可按正常标准,不宜过多,脂肪应少。

一般预后不佳。在青少年及成年患者中,可发生肝腺瘤或肝细胞癌。如果患者存在难以控制的低血糖症或肝衰竭或肝腺瘤,则主张做肝移植。肝移植后可以使患者代谢平衡,赶上正常生长速度,提高生命质量。但肝移植不能阻止同时伴有的局灶性节段性肾小球硬化症的进展。

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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1981142, encodeId=e1051981142de, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=265e3e961ee' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#发育迟缓#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=37961, encryptionId=265e3e961ee, topicName=发育迟缓)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=5fc9246, createdName=zhangfenasdf, createdTime=Sat Oct 05 14:24:00 CST 2019, time=2019-10-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=362879, encodeId=26f03628e9d0, content=谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83eqYPFHuMA3bhYQrHvycmum7IJoCsLK0FP6X56Eoj9PZAECDke8zLCKxZZvk9q7B6rZmPuFgN5YCfw/132, createdBy=f52d2514454, createdName=SCI我的梦, createdTime=Sun Mar 17 10:02:12 CST 2019, time=2019-03-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=362039, encodeId=18bc36203953, content=哪个医院能检查那么仔细,鼻出血病人寻鼻出血专家, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d94d2547823, createdName=12535e00m42暂无昵称, createdTime=Tue Mar 05 16:29:35 CST 2019, time=2019-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1347381, encodeId=69a6134e38137, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=88713e938c1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#发育#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=37938, encryptionId=88713e938c1, topicName=发育)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f4c124, createdName=neurowu, createdTime=Fri Feb 22 10:24:00 CST 2019, time=2019-02-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1434984, encodeId=afaf143498408, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=716a10341e83' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#鼻出血#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=103417, encryptionId=716a10341e83, topicName=鼻出血)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/aLGWoFXAyMbIu3qymFOyheQLjPSX3OUs5GmkyBlcCOwTPIeq3why9NGibxxUqYo6hcx8qZLHZFgNPnBK1yzWeOFpyg2OnWOt0/0, createdBy=fa4716, createdName=zhouqu_8, createdTime=Fri Feb 22 10:24:00 CST 2019, time=2019-02-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=361140, encodeId=f68e36114002, content=罕见疾病,学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=76102549875, createdName=1253d384m28暂无昵称, createdTime=Wed Feb 20 19:43:13 CST 2019, time=2019-02-20, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1981142, encodeId=e1051981142de, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=265e3e961ee' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#发育迟缓#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=37961, encryptionId=265e3e961ee, topicName=发育迟缓)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=5fc9246, createdName=zhangfenasdf, createdTime=Sat Oct 05 14:24:00 CST 2019, time=2019-10-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=362879, encodeId=26f03628e9d0, content=谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83eqYPFHuMA3bhYQrHvycmum7IJoCsLK0FP6X56Eoj9PZAECDke8zLCKxZZvk9q7B6rZmPuFgN5YCfw/132, createdBy=f52d2514454, createdName=SCI我的梦, createdTime=Sun Mar 17 10:02:12 CST 2019, time=2019-03-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=362039, encodeId=18bc36203953, content=哪个医院能检查那么仔细,鼻出血病人寻鼻出血专家, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d94d2547823, createdName=12535e00m42暂无昵称, createdTime=Tue Mar 05 16:29:35 CST 2019, time=2019-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1347381, encodeId=69a6134e38137, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=88713e938c1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#发育#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=37938, encryptionId=88713e938c1, topicName=发育)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f4c124, createdName=neurowu, createdTime=Fri Feb 22 10:24:00 CST 2019, time=2019-02-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1434984, encodeId=afaf143498408, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=716a10341e83' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#鼻出血#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=103417, encryptionId=716a10341e83, topicName=鼻出血)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/aLGWoFXAyMbIu3qymFOyheQLjPSX3OUs5GmkyBlcCOwTPIeq3why9NGibxxUqYo6hcx8qZLHZFgNPnBK1yzWeOFpyg2OnWOt0/0, createdBy=fa4716, createdName=zhouqu_8, createdTime=Fri Feb 22 10:24:00 CST 2019, time=2019-02-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=361140, encodeId=f68e36114002, content=罕见疾病,学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=76102549875, createdName=1253d384m28暂无昵称, createdTime=Wed Feb 20 19:43:13 CST 2019, time=2019-02-20, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-03-17 SCI我的梦

    谢谢分享

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1981142, encodeId=e1051981142de, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=265e3e961ee' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#发育迟缓#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=37961, encryptionId=265e3e961ee, topicName=发育迟缓)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=5fc9246, createdName=zhangfenasdf, createdTime=Sat Oct 05 14:24:00 CST 2019, time=2019-10-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=362879, encodeId=26f03628e9d0, content=谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83eqYPFHuMA3bhYQrHvycmum7IJoCsLK0FP6X56Eoj9PZAECDke8zLCKxZZvk9q7B6rZmPuFgN5YCfw/132, createdBy=f52d2514454, createdName=SCI我的梦, createdTime=Sun Mar 17 10:02:12 CST 2019, time=2019-03-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=362039, encodeId=18bc36203953, content=哪个医院能检查那么仔细,鼻出血病人寻鼻出血专家, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d94d2547823, createdName=12535e00m42暂无昵称, createdTime=Tue Mar 05 16:29:35 CST 2019, time=2019-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1347381, encodeId=69a6134e38137, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=88713e938c1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#发育#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=37938, encryptionId=88713e938c1, topicName=发育)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f4c124, createdName=neurowu, createdTime=Fri Feb 22 10:24:00 CST 2019, time=2019-02-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1434984, encodeId=afaf143498408, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=716a10341e83' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#鼻出血#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=103417, encryptionId=716a10341e83, topicName=鼻出血)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/aLGWoFXAyMbIu3qymFOyheQLjPSX3OUs5GmkyBlcCOwTPIeq3why9NGibxxUqYo6hcx8qZLHZFgNPnBK1yzWeOFpyg2OnWOt0/0, createdBy=fa4716, createdName=zhouqu_8, createdTime=Fri Feb 22 10:24:00 CST 2019, time=2019-02-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=361140, encodeId=f68e36114002, content=罕见疾病,学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=76102549875, createdName=1253d384m28暂无昵称, createdTime=Wed Feb 20 19:43:13 CST 2019, time=2019-02-20, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-03-05 12535e00m42暂无昵称

    哪个医院能检查那么仔细,鼻出血病人寻鼻出血专家

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1981142, encodeId=e1051981142de, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=265e3e961ee' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#发育迟缓#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=37961, encryptionId=265e3e961ee, topicName=发育迟缓)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=5fc9246, createdName=zhangfenasdf, createdTime=Sat Oct 05 14:24:00 CST 2019, time=2019-10-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=362879, encodeId=26f03628e9d0, content=谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83eqYPFHuMA3bhYQrHvycmum7IJoCsLK0FP6X56Eoj9PZAECDke8zLCKxZZvk9q7B6rZmPuFgN5YCfw/132, createdBy=f52d2514454, createdName=SCI我的梦, createdTime=Sun Mar 17 10:02:12 CST 2019, time=2019-03-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=362039, encodeId=18bc36203953, content=哪个医院能检查那么仔细,鼻出血病人寻鼻出血专家, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d94d2547823, createdName=12535e00m42暂无昵称, createdTime=Tue Mar 05 16:29:35 CST 2019, time=2019-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1347381, encodeId=69a6134e38137, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=88713e938c1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#发育#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=37938, encryptionId=88713e938c1, topicName=发育)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f4c124, createdName=neurowu, createdTime=Fri Feb 22 10:24:00 CST 2019, time=2019-02-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1434984, encodeId=afaf143498408, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=716a10341e83' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#鼻出血#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=103417, encryptionId=716a10341e83, topicName=鼻出血)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/aLGWoFXAyMbIu3qymFOyheQLjPSX3OUs5GmkyBlcCOwTPIeq3why9NGibxxUqYo6hcx8qZLHZFgNPnBK1yzWeOFpyg2OnWOt0/0, createdBy=fa4716, createdName=zhouqu_8, createdTime=Fri Feb 22 10:24:00 CST 2019, time=2019-02-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=361140, encodeId=f68e36114002, content=罕见疾病,学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=76102549875, createdName=1253d384m28暂无昵称, createdTime=Wed Feb 20 19:43:13 CST 2019, time=2019-02-20, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-02-22 neurowu
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1981142, encodeId=e1051981142de, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=265e3e961ee' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#发育迟缓#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=37961, encryptionId=265e3e961ee, topicName=发育迟缓)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=5fc9246, createdName=zhangfenasdf, createdTime=Sat Oct 05 14:24:00 CST 2019, time=2019-10-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=362879, encodeId=26f03628e9d0, content=谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83eqYPFHuMA3bhYQrHvycmum7IJoCsLK0FP6X56Eoj9PZAECDke8zLCKxZZvk9q7B6rZmPuFgN5YCfw/132, createdBy=f52d2514454, createdName=SCI我的梦, createdTime=Sun Mar 17 10:02:12 CST 2019, time=2019-03-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=362039, encodeId=18bc36203953, content=哪个医院能检查那么仔细,鼻出血病人寻鼻出血专家, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d94d2547823, createdName=12535e00m42暂无昵称, createdTime=Tue Mar 05 16:29:35 CST 2019, time=2019-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1347381, encodeId=69a6134e38137, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=88713e938c1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#发育#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=37938, encryptionId=88713e938c1, topicName=发育)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f4c124, createdName=neurowu, createdTime=Fri Feb 22 10:24:00 CST 2019, time=2019-02-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1434984, encodeId=afaf143498408, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=716a10341e83' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#鼻出血#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=103417, encryptionId=716a10341e83, topicName=鼻出血)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/aLGWoFXAyMbIu3qymFOyheQLjPSX3OUs5GmkyBlcCOwTPIeq3why9NGibxxUqYo6hcx8qZLHZFgNPnBK1yzWeOFpyg2OnWOt0/0, createdBy=fa4716, createdName=zhouqu_8, createdTime=Fri Feb 22 10:24:00 CST 2019, time=2019-02-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=361140, encodeId=f68e36114002, content=罕见疾病,学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=76102549875, createdName=1253d384m28暂无昵称, createdTime=Wed Feb 20 19:43:13 CST 2019, time=2019-02-20, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1981142, encodeId=e1051981142de, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=265e3e961ee' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#发育迟缓#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=37961, encryptionId=265e3e961ee, topicName=发育迟缓)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=5fc9246, createdName=zhangfenasdf, createdTime=Sat Oct 05 14:24:00 CST 2019, time=2019-10-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=362879, encodeId=26f03628e9d0, content=谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83eqYPFHuMA3bhYQrHvycmum7IJoCsLK0FP6X56Eoj9PZAECDke8zLCKxZZvk9q7B6rZmPuFgN5YCfw/132, createdBy=f52d2514454, createdName=SCI我的梦, createdTime=Sun Mar 17 10:02:12 CST 2019, time=2019-03-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=362039, encodeId=18bc36203953, content=哪个医院能检查那么仔细,鼻出血病人寻鼻出血专家, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d94d2547823, createdName=12535e00m42暂无昵称, createdTime=Tue Mar 05 16:29:35 CST 2019, time=2019-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1347381, encodeId=69a6134e38137, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=88713e938c1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#发育#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=37938, encryptionId=88713e938c1, topicName=发育)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f4c124, createdName=neurowu, createdTime=Fri Feb 22 10:24:00 CST 2019, time=2019-02-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1434984, encodeId=afaf143498408, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=716a10341e83' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#鼻出血#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=103417, encryptionId=716a10341e83, topicName=鼻出血)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/aLGWoFXAyMbIu3qymFOyheQLjPSX3OUs5GmkyBlcCOwTPIeq3why9NGibxxUqYo6hcx8qZLHZFgNPnBK1yzWeOFpyg2OnWOt0/0, createdBy=fa4716, createdName=zhouqu_8, createdTime=Fri Feb 22 10:24:00 CST 2019, time=2019-02-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=361140, encodeId=f68e36114002, content=罕见疾病,学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=76102549875, createdName=1253d384m28暂无昵称, createdTime=Wed Feb 20 19:43:13 CST 2019, time=2019-02-20, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-02-20 1253d384m28暂无昵称

    罕见疾病,学习了

    0

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经鼻内窥镜在上消化道病变中被广泛的使用,原因是疼痛较少,鼻出血是最为严重的副作用,但是相关的风险因素还没有很好的鉴定。最近,有研究人员鉴定了经鼻内窥镜鼻出血的风险因素。研究发现,经历经鼻内窥镜检查的患者的鼻出血发生比例为160/3035(5.3%),并且将鼻出血作为体检的一部分。研究人员对患者的数据进行了回顾性的评估,包括了人体测量、医学检查和生活方式参数,还利用了多重逻辑回归分析。多重逻辑回归阐

2017 BRS多学科共识建议:鼻出血的住院管理

2017年12月,英国鼻科学会(BRS)发布了鼻衄住院管理的多学科共识建议。鼻衄是常见的耳鼻喉科急诊症状,本文主要针对成人鼻衄患者的住院管理提供循证指导建议。

牙龈出血伴鼻出血司空见惯?可能是大麻烦…

53岁女患者,牙龈出血1周,鼻出血1天,拟“血小板减少”入院。检查显示,粒细胞系增生极度活跃,以颗粒增多增粗的早幼粒细胞为主,部分细胞胞浆内可见Auer小体,但POX是弱阳性,所患何病?