Nature:致病基因变异或可实现精准编辑

2018-11-12 晋楠 中国科学报

《自然》杂志发表的一篇新论文报告了一种方法,可以通过机器学习实现对致病基因变异精准且可预测的编辑。这项成果建立了一种实现精准、无模板基因组编辑的方法,为遗传疾病的研究和潜在疗法提供了新的可能性。


《自然》杂志发表的一篇新论文报告了一种方法,可以通过机器学习实现对致病基因变异精准且可预测的编辑。这项成果建立了一种实现精准、无模板基因组编辑的方法,为遗传疾病的研究和潜在疗法提供了新的可能性。

虽然CRISPR-Cas9彻底改变了用于研究的基因组编辑技术,但保证这项技术的准确性十分重要。CRISPR-Cas9基因组编辑常用DNA“模板”确保DNA修复的准确性,或将特定的DNA序列导入基因组中。因此,缺少这些模板的DNA修复常被认为不够准确。

现在,美国马萨诸塞州剑桥布列根和妇女医院及哈佛医学院的Richard Sherwood及同事发明了一种用机器学习预测基因组修复结果的方法,实现了精准的无模板Cas9编辑。研究者用一个含有近2000对Cas9向导RNA(gRNA)和人体DNA靶点的数据库,训练了一个名为“inDelphi”的机器学习模型。经该模型识别,5%~11% 靶向人体基因组的Cas9 gRNA能在超过50%的情况下(被称为“精准50”)产生单一且可预测的修复结果。inDelphi还能利用无模板Cas9编辑识别并预测出合适的致病基因变异靶标,包括一些曾被认为无法用该方法找到的靶标。

最后,研究者通过实验证明,人体细胞中与Hermansky-Pudlak综合征、Menkes病以及家族性高胆固醇血症这3种疾病有关的近200种致病变异,其编辑和修复的准确性都能达到精准50的标准。

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