NPJ Schizophr:中国精神分裂症全基因组关联研究进展

2017-09-26 佚名 Nature自然科研

综述论文Progress in genome-wide association studies of schizophrenia in Han Chinese populations发表于自然合作期刊《npj-精神分裂症》(npj Schizophrenia),归入特刊——欧洲人口以外的精神分裂症基因研究。

综述论文Progress in genome-wide association studies of schizophrenia in Han Chinese populations发表于自然合作期刊《npj-精神分裂症》(npj Schizophrenia),归入特刊——欧洲人口以外的精神分裂症基因研究。



全世界任何地域的人类如有精神分裂症致病基因,其易感风险是否相同? 本期特刊正是要回答这个问题,而全基因组测序可以为这种衰弱性精神疾病的遗传起源提供线索。 然而,大多数全基因组关联研究对象主要集中于欧洲人口。 其结论是否可以推广到亚洲人群,曾经的我们知之甚少。

过去一些关于精神分裂症关联基因组的研究,大量的样本往往集中于欧洲高加索人种的基因组,于是中国的科学家们开始有意识地填补此空白,引入来自中国的样本。近六年来,岳伟华教授、于欣教授和张岱教授就精神分裂症易感基因位点的研究,分析了中国汉民族的全基因组关联后,对比国际上已发表的研究成果,筛查并梳理了中国汉民族与欧洲人种在精神分裂症易感基因位点的异同。

这张工程图直观对比了精神分裂症关联基因组研究分析的欧洲地域人口样本量与对照组数量,以及历年研究涉及中国汉民族的人口样本量与对照组数量。这也是对整篇论文方向的结构性阐释。

这张工程图直观对比了精神分裂症关联基因组研究分析的欧洲地域人口样本量与对照组数量,以及历年研究涉及中国汉民族的人口样本量与对照组数量。这也是对整篇论文方向的结构性阐释。



该表以论文发表的时间轴为线索,列出了跨种族相同的易感基因以及中国汉民族独有的易感基因。

为什么欧洲血统样本中确定了绝大多数人类精神分裂症易感基因位点,还需要进一步研究呢?这是由于潜在的遗传异质性,在欧洲人群中鉴定的相关变异体可能与其他祖先基因组中的精神分裂症无关。所以在对非欧洲人口的大规模研究中,不仅需要调查此前研究确定的基因位点是否可以推“欧”及“亚”,还需要测定新的精神分裂症易感基因位点。

至于读者关心的更详细的针对中国汉民族样本组及对照组进行GWAS(全基因组关联研究)分析,发现的精神分裂症易感基因,请参见论文中表二。

早期干预的重要性在精神世界中也是一样的,GWAS(全基因组关联研究)报告累积的精神疾病关联易感基因位点可能有助于揭示特殊疾病表型,进而发现潜在的治疗靶点及其病理生理机制。

在分析中国汉民族全基因组关联研究,揭示中国人群精神分裂症疾病遗传结构时,取样受到人口结构与地域分布的影响,可能导致不准确的关联。如何有效地控制变量,获得更准确的检测结果?了解群体的遗传结构至关重要。

汉族人口是世界上最大的族群之一,占世界人口的20%。然而在过去的多数全基因组关联研究中,汉族样本的比例往往不足。尽管考虑到现代人类的起源,遗传和考古学都有证据支持“出自非洲”的假设,但东亚的情况需要进一步细致的分析。遗传证据提供了一些迹象,表明东亚的人类可能是通过以下两条道路迁徙而来的,或自南沿海岸线行往东南亚(南通途),或途经中东到达中亚(北通途)。

对于汉族子结构,研究报道说汉族人口错综复杂,主要观察到的群体大致对应南、北、中三大地域。进而通过对跨越中国十个省份的6000多名汉民族样本中超过35万个SNP的分析,探讨了中国各地区人口结构,并对中国人口分层的潜在规模进行了考察,终于绘制成一个平面的“南北”人口结构图,显示其基因结构与族群地理学密切相关。

因此,在中国人口族群的遗传关联研究中,应该确保将人口结构与族群地域纳入控制变量。人口结构分析应于使用多维标度法或主成分分析法进行分析前完成,并用作协变量。 此外,还可以结合膨胀因子或连锁不平衡回归分数,来检查人口结构对全基因组关联研究结果的影响。

目前中国已经设立大大小小140余项科研基金项目,脑科学与类脑科学研究(中国脑计划)项目启动在即,更兼国家政策扶持;以及开展中外精神疾病遗传学高峰会,与NGO的合作也初见成效。今后还将学术领域的合作拓展到国际。

此外,中国研究人员还与国际研究机构和学者建立合作关系。获得的GWAS(全基因组关联研究)发现将有助于进一步探索精神分裂症的机制和这种复杂疾病的潜在治疗靶向。

原始出处:

Yue,W.,X.Yu,and D. Zhang,Progress in genome-wide association studies of schizophrenia in Han Chinese populations.NPJ Schizophr, 2017. 3(1): p. 24.

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    2017-09-27 sunfeifeiyang

    精神基因精神基因

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