不想糖尿病发展成尿毒症,提醒患者注意这9个症状!

2019-08-06 比欧比欧 医学界内分泌频道

近日收诊多位患者,说自己“最近夜尿特别多,尿里面还有泡沫”,担心是不是“肾功能衰竭”了。根据其它检查结果,笔者诊断他们的糖尿病发生了微血管病变——糖尿病肾病。

近日收诊多位患者,说自己“最近夜尿特别多,尿里面还有泡沫”,担心是不是“肾功能衰竭”了。根据其它检查结果,笔者诊断他们的糖尿病发生了微血管病变——糖尿病肾病。

糖尿病肾病主要受到高蛋白饮食、高血压、高血糖、吸烟的影响,总共分为5个阶段,每个阶段都有不同特点,其中主要表现为肾小球滤过率增高、肾体积增大、肾小球结构改变、尿量增多、尿中出现蛋白、水肿、高血压,严重时会出现肾衰竭情况。糖尿病肾病是一个隐藏得很深的杀手,是危害糖尿病患者生命的主要原因之一。所以最好是提醒他们在前期就发现并发症征兆,预防进一步恶化。

提醒患者身体出现这些症状要注意 

如果你出现下面这些症状、表现,说明肾脏出问题了:
 
水肿:最常见几个部位是眼睑、面部和下肢。
 
蛋白尿:尿中少量的蛋白往往没有任何不适感觉,大多是体检时发现。大量蛋白尿时会出现尿中泡沫,严重的泡沫尿类似于啤酒花。
 
敲黑板:蛋白尿是肾脏病明确而早期的症状,尤其是微量白蛋白尿是更早期的指标,对糖尿病、高血压等患者,应定期检查尿微量白蛋白,一旦阳性,就意味着出现肾损伤。

血尿:当肉眼可见尿血,就已经很严重了,大多数情况是,尿中只有少量的红细胞,肉眼看不到,只有通过显微镜才能看到,我们称“镜下血尿”。和蛋白尿一样,镜下血尿也是尿检发现的。
 
高血压:血压≧140mmHg(收缩压)和/或90mmHg(舒张压)就是高血压,无论年龄。
 
血肌酐增高:也就是常说的肾功能异常。
 
尿量改变:如果习惯性的每晚起夜2~3次或更多,而且夜间尿量大于24小时总尿量的1/3,称夜尿增多。
 
尿频、尿急、尿痛:合称尿路刺激征,是尿路感染的特征性表现。
 
贫血:慢性肾脏病,肾脏分泌的促红细胞生成素减少,红细胞生成障碍,就会出现贫血,称肾性贫血。面色萎黄、眼结膜苍白、唇甲苍白无光泽等。
 
反复发生的骨折:肾功能受损会产生钙吸收障碍,而且丢失增多,就会出现缺钙、高磷、骨质疏松等一系列问题。



除了要注意以上这些征兆,糖尿病患者平时要注意控制好以下6个指标,也可以将糖尿病肾病这一致命并发症风险降低。

 这6个指标,嘱咐患者一定要控制好!

1、控制血糖达标

良好的血糖控制能有效预防肾病,延缓其发生发展。如果不是孕妇,一般建议将糖化血红蛋白控制在7%以内,空腹血糖控制在7mmol/L以内,餐后血糖控制在10mmol/L以内。

2、控制血压达标

高血压会与肾病互相影响,互相加重。建议糖尿病患者把血压控制在130/80mmHg以下,这样才能够避免肾脏恶化。

3、控制血脂达标

高血脂也会对肾脏造成损害,同时会和高血压、高血糖互相加重,造成更大的健康危害。

控制标准为总胆固醇<4.5mmol/L、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)<2.6mmol、甘油三脂(TG)<1.5mmol/L。
 
4、控制体重

BMI越大,体重越重,血糖和血压就越高。建议糖尿病患者通过控制饮食和运动来控制体重,运动以缓和、低强度的运动为主,在强身健体的同时提升免疫力,不应做剧烈运动。
 
5、控制饮食

遵从低盐、低糖、优质低蛋白饮食的三原则。建议糖尿病患者每天食盐量控制在5g以内,蛋白质以优质的动物蛋白为主,像鸡蛋、牛奶,豆制品等也可以,但植物性蛋白质不应太多。
 
6、控制蛋白尿

控制尿蛋白:尿蛋白应控制在7.0%以内,要求糖友至少每年一次检查尿白蛋白及肾功能,尽早发现肾脏损害,早干预早获益。
 
 用药和筛查注意 

1、不滥用药物,用药一定要遵医嘱。不可擅自寻求偏方,擅自换药加药,否则会对肾脏造成负担,诱发或加重肾病。一般采取联合用药,能够减轻药物的肝肾副作用。
 
2、定期检查肾脏,最简单的是查尿常规,但尿常规易漏诊早期肾病。因此建议糖尿病患者做24小时的尿蛋白定量以及尿微量白蛋白,以发现早期的肾脏病变。

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    2019-11-17 wxl882001

    了解一下

    0

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    2019-09-30 wxl882001

    了解一下

    0

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    2019-08-17 liujie6118

    长知识了!

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=375477, encodeId=4d513e5477a6, content=了解一下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6KcicAVC1MwuOgo3iaicb1Imgk1yIfnvr6oXzibcAFB6puAyNJXbzWhNuLqaFYBVRWjh7rghkvFLPxMAfD5ib3nXwVD/0, createdBy=bed21972958, createdName=wxl882001, createdTime=Sun Nov 17 21:49:46 CST 2019, time=2019-11-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=373391, encodeId=b6713e3391ef, content=了解一下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6KcicAVC1MwuOgo3iaicb1Imgk1yIfnvr6oXzibcAFB6puAyNJXbzWhNuLqaFYBVRWjh7rghkvFLPxMAfD5ib3nXwVD/0, createdBy=bed21972958, createdName=wxl882001, createdTime=Mon Sep 30 22:48:11 CST 2019, time=2019-09-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=371415, encodeId=8a953e14151f, content=长知识了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=752a4331299, createdName=liujie6118, createdTime=Sat Aug 17 21:52:26 CST 2019, time=2019-08-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=371313, encodeId=33d03e131326, content=了解一下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6KcicAVC1MwuOgo3iaicb1Imgk1yIfnvr6oXzibcAFB6puAyNJXbzWhNuLqaFYBVRWjh7rghkvFLPxMAfD5ib3nXwVD/0, createdBy=bed21972958, createdName=wxl882001, createdTime=Thu Aug 15 20:03:00 CST 2019, time=2019-08-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=370960, encodeId=4a6b3e096090, content=了解一下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6KcicAVC1MwuOgo3iaicb1Imgk1yIfnvr6oXzibcAFB6puAyNJXbzWhNuLqaFYBVRWjh7rghkvFLPxMAfD5ib3nXwVD/0, createdBy=bed21972958, createdName=wxl882001, createdTime=Thu Aug 08 21:05:43 CST 2019, time=2019-08-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1290422, encodeId=e18d129042248, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=facb4e432e4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#尿毒症#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=47432, encryptionId=facb4e432e4, topicName=尿毒症)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=74c2229, createdName=tcm99hq, createdTime=Thu Aug 08 14:34:00 CST 2019, time=2019-08-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1042624, encodeId=6dea104262496, content=谢谢MedSci提供最新的资讯, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=misszhang, createdTime=Wed Aug 07 02:34:00 CST 2019, time=2019-08-07, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-08-15 wxl882001

    了解一下

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=375477, encodeId=4d513e5477a6, content=了解一下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6KcicAVC1MwuOgo3iaicb1Imgk1yIfnvr6oXzibcAFB6puAyNJXbzWhNuLqaFYBVRWjh7rghkvFLPxMAfD5ib3nXwVD/0, createdBy=bed21972958, createdName=wxl882001, createdTime=Sun Nov 17 21:49:46 CST 2019, time=2019-11-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=373391, encodeId=b6713e3391ef, content=了解一下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6KcicAVC1MwuOgo3iaicb1Imgk1yIfnvr6oXzibcAFB6puAyNJXbzWhNuLqaFYBVRWjh7rghkvFLPxMAfD5ib3nXwVD/0, createdBy=bed21972958, createdName=wxl882001, createdTime=Mon Sep 30 22:48:11 CST 2019, time=2019-09-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=371415, encodeId=8a953e14151f, content=长知识了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=752a4331299, createdName=liujie6118, createdTime=Sat Aug 17 21:52:26 CST 2019, time=2019-08-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=371313, encodeId=33d03e131326, content=了解一下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6KcicAVC1MwuOgo3iaicb1Imgk1yIfnvr6oXzibcAFB6puAyNJXbzWhNuLqaFYBVRWjh7rghkvFLPxMAfD5ib3nXwVD/0, createdBy=bed21972958, createdName=wxl882001, createdTime=Thu Aug 15 20:03:00 CST 2019, time=2019-08-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=370960, encodeId=4a6b3e096090, content=了解一下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6KcicAVC1MwuOgo3iaicb1Imgk1yIfnvr6oXzibcAFB6puAyNJXbzWhNuLqaFYBVRWjh7rghkvFLPxMAfD5ib3nXwVD/0, createdBy=bed21972958, createdName=wxl882001, createdTime=Thu Aug 08 21:05:43 CST 2019, time=2019-08-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1290422, encodeId=e18d129042248, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=facb4e432e4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#尿毒症#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=47432, encryptionId=facb4e432e4, topicName=尿毒症)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=74c2229, createdName=tcm99hq, createdTime=Thu Aug 08 14:34:00 CST 2019, time=2019-08-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1042624, encodeId=6dea104262496, content=谢谢MedSci提供最新的资讯, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=misszhang, createdTime=Wed Aug 07 02:34:00 CST 2019, time=2019-08-07, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-08-08 wxl882001

    了解一下

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=375477, encodeId=4d513e5477a6, content=了解一下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6KcicAVC1MwuOgo3iaicb1Imgk1yIfnvr6oXzibcAFB6puAyNJXbzWhNuLqaFYBVRWjh7rghkvFLPxMAfD5ib3nXwVD/0, createdBy=bed21972958, createdName=wxl882001, createdTime=Sun Nov 17 21:49:46 CST 2019, time=2019-11-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=373391, encodeId=b6713e3391ef, content=了解一下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6KcicAVC1MwuOgo3iaicb1Imgk1yIfnvr6oXzibcAFB6puAyNJXbzWhNuLqaFYBVRWjh7rghkvFLPxMAfD5ib3nXwVD/0, createdBy=bed21972958, createdName=wxl882001, createdTime=Mon Sep 30 22:48:11 CST 2019, time=2019-09-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=371415, encodeId=8a953e14151f, content=长知识了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=752a4331299, createdName=liujie6118, createdTime=Sat Aug 17 21:52:26 CST 2019, time=2019-08-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=371313, encodeId=33d03e131326, content=了解一下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6KcicAVC1MwuOgo3iaicb1Imgk1yIfnvr6oXzibcAFB6puAyNJXbzWhNuLqaFYBVRWjh7rghkvFLPxMAfD5ib3nXwVD/0, createdBy=bed21972958, createdName=wxl882001, createdTime=Thu Aug 15 20:03:00 CST 2019, time=2019-08-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=370960, encodeId=4a6b3e096090, content=了解一下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6KcicAVC1MwuOgo3iaicb1Imgk1yIfnvr6oXzibcAFB6puAyNJXbzWhNuLqaFYBVRWjh7rghkvFLPxMAfD5ib3nXwVD/0, createdBy=bed21972958, createdName=wxl882001, createdTime=Thu Aug 08 21:05:43 CST 2019, time=2019-08-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1290422, encodeId=e18d129042248, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=facb4e432e4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#尿毒症#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=47432, encryptionId=facb4e432e4, topicName=尿毒症)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=74c2229, createdName=tcm99hq, createdTime=Thu Aug 08 14:34:00 CST 2019, time=2019-08-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1042624, encodeId=6dea104262496, content=谢谢MedSci提供最新的资讯, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=misszhang, createdTime=Wed Aug 07 02:34:00 CST 2019, time=2019-08-07, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-08-08 tcm99hq
  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=375477, encodeId=4d513e5477a6, content=了解一下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6KcicAVC1MwuOgo3iaicb1Imgk1yIfnvr6oXzibcAFB6puAyNJXbzWhNuLqaFYBVRWjh7rghkvFLPxMAfD5ib3nXwVD/0, createdBy=bed21972958, createdName=wxl882001, createdTime=Sun Nov 17 21:49:46 CST 2019, time=2019-11-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=373391, encodeId=b6713e3391ef, content=了解一下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6KcicAVC1MwuOgo3iaicb1Imgk1yIfnvr6oXzibcAFB6puAyNJXbzWhNuLqaFYBVRWjh7rghkvFLPxMAfD5ib3nXwVD/0, createdBy=bed21972958, createdName=wxl882001, createdTime=Mon Sep 30 22:48:11 CST 2019, time=2019-09-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=371415, encodeId=8a953e14151f, content=长知识了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=752a4331299, createdName=liujie6118, createdTime=Sat Aug 17 21:52:26 CST 2019, time=2019-08-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=371313, encodeId=33d03e131326, content=了解一下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6KcicAVC1MwuOgo3iaicb1Imgk1yIfnvr6oXzibcAFB6puAyNJXbzWhNuLqaFYBVRWjh7rghkvFLPxMAfD5ib3nXwVD/0, createdBy=bed21972958, createdName=wxl882001, createdTime=Thu Aug 15 20:03:00 CST 2019, time=2019-08-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=370960, encodeId=4a6b3e096090, content=了解一下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6KcicAVC1MwuOgo3iaicb1Imgk1yIfnvr6oXzibcAFB6puAyNJXbzWhNuLqaFYBVRWjh7rghkvFLPxMAfD5ib3nXwVD/0, createdBy=bed21972958, createdName=wxl882001, createdTime=Thu Aug 08 21:05:43 CST 2019, time=2019-08-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1290422, encodeId=e18d129042248, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=facb4e432e4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#尿毒症#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=47432, encryptionId=facb4e432e4, topicName=尿毒症)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=74c2229, createdName=tcm99hq, createdTime=Thu Aug 08 14:34:00 CST 2019, time=2019-08-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1042624, encodeId=6dea104262496, content=谢谢MedSci提供最新的资讯, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=misszhang, createdTime=Wed Aug 07 02:34:00 CST 2019, time=2019-08-07, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-08-07 misszhang

    谢谢MedSci提供最新的资讯

    0

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